172 



At p. 653 Mr. Deane goes on to say — 



Ettingshausen examined some fossil plant remains found when excavating some railway cuttings, 

 near Brisbane [Oxley. — J.H.M.], and submitted a preliminary report of them to the Imperial Academy of 

 Sciences at Vienna on 13h April, 1893 [see his 1895 paper referred to at p. 182 — J.H.M.]. The presence 

 of many Tertiary forms is apparent, and among them Myrica, Quercus. Fagus, Cinnamomum, Banksia and 

 Eucalyptus are found to be well represented. 



In his address of the following year (xxi, p. 833) Mr. Deane says that he had 

 received a number of specimens from these Oxley beds. ' They seem to me as a whole 

 to be rather conspicuous for the scarcity of Eucalypts and Proteads as we know them, 

 a circumstance which, as I have already indicated, we need not be at all surprised at." 



Deane, 1900. — Subsequently Mr. Deane published two papers (Proc. Linn. 

 Soc. N.S.W., xxv, 1900) entitled " Observations on the Tertiary Flora of Australia, 

 with special reference to Ettingshausen's Theory of the Tertiary Cosmopolitan Flora " 

 (xx, p. 463; xxi, p. 581). 



He continues his former criticisms, and traverses the conclusions made by Lnger, 



Ettingshausen and others, discounted as they may be by Zittel in his " Palaeophy- 



tologie." He deprecates the statements of those who take the determinations of 



Ettingshausen and others for granted and speak of — 



". . . in Eocene times forests of Eucalypts waved in England and that the vegetation was 

 largely of an Australian character, while on the other hand in Australia during the Tertiary period forests 

 of oak and beech flourished. It will be my endeavour to show that it is unnecessary to seek outside 

 Australia for the types of our fossil flora." (p. 461.) 



He quotes (p. 470) Zittel's work as throwing doubt on a great many of the 

 determinations of Ettingshausen and his school. 



It seems to be conceded, indeed, that the existence of Eucalyptus, which most of the specimens do 

 not absolutely prove, receives strong support from the case of E. Geinitzi in the Cretaceous, as leaves, 

 flowers and fruit approximating to those of Eucalyptus have been produced, the fruits indeed separate, but 

 the leaves and flowers on the same stalk. Now, however, we have in Dr. Newberry's posthumous work 

 on the Amboy Clays {Monographs U.S. Geol. Survetf, vol. xxvi),a statement that the author has discovered 

 Heer's fruits of E. Geinitzi in great abundance, that he has no doubt whatever of their being identical with 

 Heer's specimens, and that he has proved them not to be those of any species of Eucalyptus at all, 

 inasmuch as they are flattened, not round as they ought to be if of that genus, and that he has obtained 

 them attached to a core of a cone, evidently that of a conifer (see p. 46 of the work referred to). Clearly 

 the so-called fruits have been improperly assumed to be associated with the leaves and flowers, and without 

 them the value of the evidence is almost nil, for the leaves and flowers might easily belong to something 

 else quite different. 



The matter of these alleged E. Geinitzi fruits will be discussed when I quote 

 Newberry's remarks at p. Ill of his " Flora of the Amboy Clays " in the next Part 

 (LV) of the present work. I will then give a few notes on Zittel's observations. 



At p. 471 Mr. Deane asks the question — 



" If Eucalyptus flourished in England and Europe in the Cretaceous and Tertiary, and if the 

 Cosmopolitan theory is trustworthy, throughout the world in the latter age, what possible conditions could 

 haye caused its extinction everywhere else but in the Australian region?" 



Part II of Mr. Deane's paper (op. cit., 581, 1900) is entitled " On the Venation 

 of Leaves and its value in the determination of botanical affinities." 



