248 



" Astringent Gums or Kinos. — These are natural astringent extracts whiSh some of our gum-trees 

 in certain seasons and certain districts exude very freely. They vary somewhat in composition, and therefore 

 it is necessary that the products of different kinds of trees should be kept separate, to be afterwards 

 classified by experts. I believe that if tanners could obtain these gums (kinos) in quantity at a cheap rate, 

 they would replace some of the extracts at present in use. Although the demand for the official kino as 

 aai astringent medicine is far less than what it used to be, I am of opinion that some of our kinos can replace 

 the kino of the Pharmacopoeia, and the introduction of kinos of known composition, and comparatively 

 low in price, might result in an increased demand for astringent medicines of this class. The only kino 

 in regular Australian demand at present is that of the Murray Red Gum {Eucalyptus rostrala), and we have 

 several species of Eucalyptus yielding exudations of similar composition, but our local market might be 

 readily over-supplied." 



The above note was published by me in " New South Wales, the Mother Colony 

 of the Australias," p. 186 (1896). The paper contains other Eucalyptus references. 



I was writing chiefly of the products of New South Wales at the time, but it 

 must be remembered that Red Gum (E. calopliylla) yields an abundant supply of kino 

 to Western Australia. There is a useful article entitled " Red Gum Tapping " by 

 W.F.H. (with 2 figs.), in " Jarrah," Vol. I, No. 3, p. 6, November, 1918. 



We should also remember that the Bloodwoods (close relations of E. calophylla) 

 produce kino copiously in the eastern States. 



Lauterer, M.D., Joseph. — " Gums of Eucalypts and Angophoras," Proc. Roy. 

 Soc. Qld., 1891, p. 37; Pharm. Journ. N.S.W., Feb., 1891, p. 45. 



The same, " Queensland native astringent medicines, illustrated by the chemistry 

 of the gums of Eucalypts and Angophoras." Proc. Aust. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vi, 293 

 (1895); Chemist and Druggist of Australia, May, 1895, p. 108. 



" Gums and Resins exuded by Queensland Plants chemically and technologically 

 described " in Bailey's Botany Bulletin, xiii, pp. 35-80, Brisbane (1896). 



At pages 58-62 he deals with Eucalyptus Kinos. He makes the grouping 

 " Eucalypt Gums entirely soluble in water," " A. Gums of the Gummy Group," "B. 

 Gums of the Ruby Group," supplementing my work to some extent. The work of 

 Dr. Lauterer and myself was pioneer work, mainly from the botanical side, which 

 cleared the way for the chemical work (as Mr. H. G. Smith is entitled to point out) of 

 himself and other workers. 



Mr. H. G. Smith has done the most important work in the investigation of our 

 Kinos, and the originals may be referred to in the following papers : — 



" A Contribution to the Chemistry of Australian Myrtaceous Kinos," Journ. 

 Roy. Soc. N.S.W., xxix, 30, 1895. This investigation describes the characteristics 

 of a new constituent of Eucalyptus kinos (Eudesmin). It is one of the substances 

 causing turbidity in the Turbid Group. E. Jiemiphloia supplied the material for this 

 investigation. (With J. H. Maiden.) 



" Contributions to a knowledge of Australian Exudations," Journ. Roy. Soc. 

 N.S.W., xxix, 393, 1895. Amongst other exudations, those of E. hamvxstoma var. 

 micrantha and of E. Planchoniana were briefly described. (With J. H. Maiden.) 



