337 



3. Leaves. Transverse (vertical) sections, under E. plychocarpa (Supplementary 

 Plate). 



I.E. ptycJiocarpa. 



2. E. calophylla. 



3. E. globulus. 



4. E. viminalis. (Each with references to — 



(a) Cuticle. 



(b) Epidermal cells. 



(c) Parenchyma cells in rows. 



(d) Grit cells (sclerenchyma). 



(e) Breathing pores (stomata). 

 (/) Oil gland. 



(g) Oleo-resin. All x 214). 



Solederer says that Cork Warts, resembling lenticels, have been observed on 

 the leaves of E. calophylla, E. globulus, E. Gunnii, E. megacarpa, E. obliqua, E. 

 sideropUoia. (Oxford Press Trans., i, 352). 



Anatomy as an aid in diagnosis and classification. 



The following passages are taken from a paper read by me before the British 

 Association for the Advancement of Science, Sydney, August, 1914 : — 



The Aid of Anatomy. — The anatomical method consists in the methodical employment of the 

 micro-anatomical and micro-chemical characters of the vegetative and reproductive organs in systematic 

 researches. 



The actual idea of employing the internal structure for systematic purposes originated in very early 

 times, and has repeatedly been put forward. Early botanists employed it ; then we come to the researches 

 of Regnault, Weddell, Bureau, Engler, and others. The classical researches of Radlkofer on the 

 Sapindaceous genus Strjania are next in order; "owing to his systematic and unprejudiced mode of 

 procedure, he is to be regarded as the actual founder of the anatomical method." 



Consideration of the chemical substances in the plant for systematic purposes commences at an 

 early period, and dates back as far as the times of the doctrine of signatures. 



The anatomical method is only a detailed and elaborated morphological method — to use Radlkofer's 

 expression, only an endomorphic as contrasted with an exomorphic one. 



Both endomorphic and exomorphic characters have been shown to possess great systematic value 

 in one group of affinity, though of small importance in another. Their systematic value simply depends 

 on the length of time the characters in question have remained unaltered or uninfluenced by adaptation 

 during the development of the plant phylum. Hence the importance of examining the constancy of 

 anatomical characters from species to species, from genus to genus, from family to family, without 

 preconceived ideas. 



M 



