near Coldstream, upon the Batiks of the River Tweed. 1 9 



On the top of the hill, south-east of Greenlaw, is a quarry 

 of new red sandstone. It dips to the south at an angle of 19°. 

 This great inclination may probably be attributed to the im- 

 mediate vicinity of a whin dyke running a few yards to the 

 north. In the direction of south 65° east (about four or five 

 hundred yards west) this dyke has been worked to a width of 

 twenty-seven yards. Whether this is its regular thickness, or 

 an overflowing at this point, could not be ascertained, as the 

 quarry does not extend more than four or five feet below the 

 surface. The sandstone in the eastern quarry shows igneous 

 phaenomena in a striking degree. Another quarry of very red 

 sandstone is worked on the side of the hill near Greenlaw. 

 Between the bridge over the Blackadder, at the west end of 

 Greenlaw, a bed of red sandstone, of twelve feet in thickness, 

 is seen rising 14° in the direction of north 65° east. 



The walls of Polworth are built of new red sandstone con- 

 glomerate from Leases quarry, about three-quarters of a mile 

 to the west of this village. 



Immediately below the bridge crossing Langton Burn, on 

 the road from Polworth to Dunce, a bed of yellow sandstone* 

 four feet in thickness, is underlaid by a bed of shale five feet 

 thick, containing layers of iron-stone from six to eight inches 

 in thickness, all rising about 22° to the north. It appears more 

 than probable that there are members of the coal formation 

 cropping from under the new red sandstone, which forms the 

 hills behind them to the south. 



At St. Helens, two miles south-east from Dunce, beds of 

 shivery coal sandstone and shale, nearly horizontal, containing 

 nodules of ironstone, occur. The coal shale also occurs ex- 

 tensively on the banks of the Blackadder, twelve miles from 

 Berwick on the Paxton road, and repeatedly to the east on the 

 banks of the said river. 



At the bridge of the Whiteadder, one mile west of Churn- 

 side, a thick series of coal-measures dip rapidly to the east, 

 forming a bold cliff, capped on the north side of the road by 

 a thin detached bed much resembling new red sandstone. 



Many interesting remarks might here be made, but I re- 

 serve them for a future paper, upon the red sandstones of 

 Berwickshire. 



2dly. The great abundance of these fossil plants in the 

 above-named stratum lying in a state of much confusion, 

 must be matter of surprise to those who have paid any atten- 

 tion to the ancient vegetation of the coal-fields in the north of 

 England and Scotland. In all these fields it is well known the 

 vascular cryptogamic plants appear greatly to prevail : and 

 we have but occasionally been amused by some unheard-of 



D 2 recumbent 



