18 Mr.Witbam on the Vegetable Fossils found at Lennel Braes, 



red sandstone formation. It is about forty-five feet in height, 

 and nearly one hundred and twenty yards in length. This 

 sandstone dips at an angle of 9° in the direction of north, 

 35° east. It is underlaid at its western point by a bed of shale 

 containing organic remains of vegetables, and dipping north 

 73° east, at an angle of 16°. Hence it appears extremely 

 probable that this is a lower bed of new red sandstone re- 

 posing on the coal measures. 



On the south side of the river, in Twizell grounds, a similar 

 sandstone is quarried. The position of this sandstone is al- 

 tered near the edge of the bank, being bent down towards 

 the river. It dips here 8° to the north-east, but in the 

 western part of the quarry it appears to take a more regular 

 course, and dips to the south at the rate of 8°. Further down 

 the river a bed of shale is seen abutting against this sand- 

 stone, evidently thrown up by a fault. This quarry possesses 

 all the characters of the new red sandstone. 



There is also a bed of sandstone quarried in the burnside 

 near Milne Graden, colour gray, close-grained, making a very 

 fine building-stone. It dips at an angle of 5° to the south-south- 

 east, and is probably a member of the new red sandstone. 



Again: — A few hundred yards to the north of Coldstream 

 is a thick bed of very fine sandstone belonging to the coal for- 

 mation, dipping to the east-south-east, and, in its lower part, 

 vegetable remains, mineralized by sulphate of iron, are lying 

 in a horizontal position. It is underlaid by a bed of soft bitu- 

 minous shale of unknown thickness, and the beds of sand- 

 stone are streaked and irregularly marked with the same sub- 

 stance. 



These are all the remarks I think it necessary to make re- 

 specting the immediate rocks in which these singular fossils 

 are to be found. 



I beg leave, however, to mention that my intelligent young 

 friend Mr. Charlton, jun. of Hesleyside, Northumberland, a 

 member of the Natural History Society of Newcastle-upon- 

 Tyne, accompanied us ; and from the acute, and consequently 

 striking observations made by him, I have little doubt that the 

 world some day or other will be much instructed by such 

 geological remarks as he may choose to submit to the public. 

 Many people having great doubts how far the coal-field, which 

 is worked to the south of the river Tweed, extended in a 

 northerly direction, Mr. Forster and I proceeded from Cold- 

 stream to Greenlaw, between which places an extended and 

 undulating plain of diluvium evidently covers the bassets of 

 many strata. 



On 



