FOREST, FISH AND GAME COMMISSION. 69 



strip, for example two rods wide, a rod on each side of the estimator. The sound 

 trees of each species are counted and a tally is kept. 



The area of these strips is then calculated. For example, a strip two rods wide 

 and a mile long contains four acres ; or a strip two rods wide across a square forty- 

 acre lot contains one acre. Knowing then, a, the total area of the strips; xi, the 

 area of the whole forest ; ;/, the number of trees on the strips; the number of trees 

 in the whole forest can be obtained by the formula 



a : A :: n : N. 



An estimate is then made of the average number of logs per tree of each species, 

 the number of logs required for 1,000 feet of lumber, the number of trees for a cord 

 of pulpwood or firewood, the number of ties, telegraph poles, etc. From these 

 estimates the total product of the forest is obtained. 



The following notes obtained from woodsmen in the Adirondack mountains 

 will give an idea of such estimates. It should be explained that in the Adiron- 

 dacks two rules are in use for measuring logs in board feet, the Doyle and the Old 

 Scribner rule. For logs 28 inches and less in diameter the Old Scribner gives more 

 than the Doyle rule, and for logs over 28 inches it gives less. 



Two standard measures are also in use, the Glens Falls and the Saranac standard, 



the latter of which is in use only along the Saranac river. The Glens Falls standard 



is a lofj nineteen inches in diameter, inside the bark, and thirteen feet long ; and 



the Saranac standard, a log twenty-two inches in diameter and thirteen feet long. 



A log smaller than this, or the surplus of a log larger, is reckoned as the decimal 



part of a standard. The use of the Doyle rule is presumed in the following 



estimates : 



White Pine. 



3 medium trees ^ 10 logs ^= 1000 feet, B. M. 

 2 trees, if excellent = 1000 feet, B. M. 



4 trees, if very poor^ 1000 feet, B. M. 



Very large scattered trees should be estimated separately. 



Spruce. 



5 trees, if good ^ 15 logs ^ 1000 feet, B. M. 



6 trees, if poor = 18 logs = lOOO feet, B. M. 



Spruce logs are now cut down to eight inches at the upper end, and the remain- 

 der of the tree is used down to four inches for pulpwood. 



Pulpwood. 

 1000 feet B. M. = i^ cords of pulpwood. 



