1/4 REPORT OF THE 



The characteristic species of the swamps are Spruce, Balsam, Cedar, 

 Black Spruce, White Pine, and Tamarack. Within the swamps are found 

 gravelly knolls, slightly elevated flats, and low ridges rising out of typical 

 swamp land. On these occur White Pine and Hemlock in addition to 

 Spruce, Balsam, and a few hardwoods. 



On the lowest and most poorly drained land, immediately along the 

 streams, grow the Tamarack and Cedar. The Tamarack in the Adiron- 

 dacks suffered very heavily several years ago from a saw-fly worm, which 

 destroyed nearly all of the large trees. A living mature Tamarack is now 

 rare on Township 40. In addition, the continued annual flooding of the 

 low ground bordering the inlets of Raquette Lake, caused by the dam 

 which maintains the lake at a proper level for steamboat traffic, has killed 

 practically all the young Tamarack as well as the Cedar growing on this 

 ground. 



It should be said here that the damage done by flooding is caused, not 

 by the presence of very high water for a short time, but by holding the water 

 above the normal level for considerable periods at a season of the year 

 when tree growth is going on. 



Cedar is also found scattered along the lake shores and bordering some 

 of the brooks in the better drained Swamp and Spruce Land types. It 

 reaches its best development in the latter situation, where the trees 10 

 inches and over at breastheight average 14 inches in diameter and 51 feet 

 in height. 



The Black Spruce found in the swamps is a small, spindling tree, of no 

 commercial value. It is found on slightly higher ground than the Tama- 

 rack, and usually forms a pure stand. The Balsam is common in the dryer 

 swamps, where trees 10 inches and over at breastheight average ii.i 

 inches in diameter and 63 feet high. 



The White Pine in the forest of the Swamp type is limited to the 

 gravelly knolls and low ridges. The Red Spruce is found on the better 

 drained portions of Swamp, in mixture with the Balsam and Cedar, and on 

 the ridges and low hills. While not reaching its best development, it is 

 here of fair size and is the most important species in this type of forest, as in 

 all parts of the township. 



The following table was obtained by counting the trees and measuring 

 their diameters on 90 sample acres in the Swamp type. It shows the 

 average number of trees per acre, the average and maximum diameters of 



