FOREST, FISH AND GAME COMMISSION. 



ISI 



The advantage of a number of compartments of moderate size lies in the 

 fact that the average acre more nearly represents the condition throughout 

 the compartment than if the area were larger and more diversified in char- 

 acter. These compartments are shown by Roman numerals on map IIL 

 In dividing the township for lumbering purposes they fall naturally into 

 three lumbering blocks, which with the compartments, are fully described 

 later in this working plan (page 208). 



Valuation Surveys. 



To estimate the standing timber on Township 40, valuation surveys 

 were made. The object of a valuation survey is to ascertain the number 

 of trees of the various kinds on sample acres, and their diameters. These 

 sample acres are ordinarily strips one chain (66 feet) wide and 10 chains 

 (660 feet) long. On Township 40 they were run on compass courses and 

 so laid of¥ at regular intervals and between definite points as thoroughly 

 to gridiron it. They started from fixed stations about a quarter of a mile 

 apart. Each survey party was made up of four men. Two carried the 

 chain; one of these held the course and directed the party, while the other 

 tallied the trees. A separate tally was kept for each acre. The other two 

 men advanced to right and left of the chain, each measuring the diameter 

 of the trees on his side within 33 feet of the chain. These measurements 

 were obtained by calipers, and were taken at breastheight, or 4J feet above 

 the ground. 



Red and Black Spruce and Balsam were calipered to 5 inches, and 

 Pine, Hemlock, and the hardwoods to 10 inches, only sound trees being 

 taken. One thousand and eighty valuation survey acres were measured on 

 the township, distributed as follows among the forest types: Spruce Land, 

 953; Swamp, 90; UDper Spruce Slope, 37. Disregarding the Upper Spruce 

 Slope, there are i 043, so that for every sixteen acres of merchantable forest 

 land, one acre has been measured. 



Together with the valuation surveys, the height of the principal species 

 was obtained by actual measurements with an instrument for that purpose 

 known as Faustman's Hypsometer. 



From the valuation surveys were obtained the number of trees per 

 acre of the merchantable species, classified according to diameters by inches. 

 From these diameter classes the merchantable yield per acre was obtained 

 bv the use of tables constructed from actual scales of felled trees, sfivino 



