234 REPORT OF THE 



piled in skidways, every log should Ije measured at each end and the aver- 

 age of the two measurements taken as the diameter, and from it the con- 

 tents should be found. The customary rule of accepting the diameter of 

 the logs at the nearest full inch above or below the actual diameter should 

 be followed. 



No Pine logs should be culled or left in the woods that would scale 50 

 per cent or over of sound merchantable timber. Such logs should be 

 scaled and taken at their actual merchantable value, both the end area of 

 sound merchantable timber and the length of the log being taken into con- 

 sideration. This rule is necessary in order that the State may not be the 

 loser by careless or inefficient cutting, because much timber is sometimes 

 wasted by slovenly work, especially in Pine. 



Merchantable Pine timber should be construed in this case to be any 

 timber that will cut sound boards of the minimum length of 10 feet. 



Spruce or Balsam logs should be scaled and taken at their actual 

 merchantable value whenever they do not contain more than 25/"?^ that will 

 not make merchantable pulp-wood. The incorporation of this rule would 

 largely do away with careless and wasteful methods of cutting the timber, 

 since no lumberman would continue to haul and drive logs under conditions 

 involving this loss of scale. The scalers should be in the employ of the 

 State and the number should be determined by the amount of lumbering 

 going on. They should be selected wholly with reference to their caps,- 

 bility and reliability, and they should be directly responsible to the inspector 

 in charge of the work. 



Rules for Lumbering to be Embodied in the Contract. 



It is advised that the following rules be incorporated in any contract 

 made for lumbering on Township 40. As has already been said, thorough 

 supervision by trained men is absolutely essential to good results in the 

 application of these rules: 



1. All timber shall be cut with a saw whenever practicable. 



2. No timber shall be cut in the reserved strips, except with the consent 



of the Inspector. 



3. All roads laid out through the reserved strips shall be approved by the 



Inspector before any cutting is commenced. 



4. No trees shall be cut which are not marked. 



5. All trees marked shall be cut, unless a satisfactory reason is given for 



leaving them. 



