FOREST, FISH AND GAME COMMISSION. 267 



overrun the log measurerrtent. But with a lot of hemlock logs which, when sawed, 

 run largely into culls and waste because of shaky timber and other defects, the 

 Doyle rule is necessary if the purchaser expects his saw-bill to hold out, and to have 

 a million feet of lumber for each million feet of logs bought, or delivered by his 

 jobbers. The writer has had several opportunities to test this matter on a large 

 scale. 



In the Adirondack forests there is no log rule in use which gives the contents of 

 a log, like the Doyle or Scribner. Throughout this entire region logs are bought 

 and sold by count, a certain size called the standard being adopted as the unit. 

 Logs of a smaller size are counted as a proportionate fraction, and the larger 

 logs as one and a fraction, two and a fraction, or more. The standard of count 

 in general use is a log 13 feet long and 19 inches in diameter at the top or 

 small end. The logs are all measured, and in counting them each log is reckoned 

 according to the ratio which the square of its diameter bears to the square of 

 the diameter of the standard or nineteen-inch log. This is obtained by dividing the 

 square of the diameter of each log by the square of the diameter of the standard, 

 the divisor in each case being 361, which is the square of 19. 



For instance: the square of 16 is 256, which divided by 361, the square of the 

 standard, gives .709. Hence, a sixteen-inch log is counted as .709 of a standard. A 

 nineteen-inch log counts, of course, as one. A twenty-eight inch log counts as 2.17 

 standards (784-^361=2.17). 



This is what is called the Standard Rule, although it is not a log rule in the same 

 sense as Doyle's or Scribner's ; for it does not give the contents of logs, but is 

 merely a method of counting that can be done by anyone. Printed tabulations 

 showing the fractional amount of each diameter are now largely in use, and the log 

 scaler no longer works at night in the " men's room " of the shanty extending the 

 figures in his tally-book by the light of a lantern. 



If one wants to know the contents of a log, board measure, he must still turn to 

 some log rule. Doyle gives the contents (board measure) of a 19-inch log, 13 feet 

 long, as 183 feet; while the old Scribner rule allows 195 feet. A sound, straight log 

 of this size, under a band saw and a good sawyer, will yield 200 feet of straight 

 edged boards. 



On the Saranac River, also, the lumbermen buy and sell their logs by count, 

 but use a 22-inch diameter as a standard. This is known as the Saranac standard ; 

 the 19-inch log is called the Glens Falls standard. Lumbermen often use the word 

 market in place of standard, and speak of "market" logs; of twenty thousand 

 " markets " in a drive ; or of letting a log job of fifty thousand " markets." 



