M. Berzelius on the Theory of Substitutions of M. Dumas. 5 



Radicals. Formula. Authors. 



Carbon C CP +C* Dumas (chloracetic acid.) 



Do C Cr- +C1 J. Davy (phosgene gas.) 



Molybdenum ... Mo CF +2Mo H. Rose. 



Tungstenium ... SWCl^^ W Bonnet. 



Do WC13+2W H.Rose. 



Chromium CrCl^ +2Cr Do. 



You observe then that the chloracetic acid of M. Dumas 

 is merely a combination of oxalic acid with a chloride of car- 

 bon, corresponding to the oxalic acid itself. Its acid charac- 

 ters will be hereafter considered. 



3. Compound Radicals. 



Radical. Formula. Authors. 



Acetyle 2 C* H^ CP + C^ H^ O'^ Malaguti (chloric aether.) 



Formyle^ H^ CP + C^ H^ O^ Laurent (acetate of methylen 



with chlorine). 



BenzoileC^4Hi0CP + 2Ci4H'0O3 Liebig and Wheeler (chlo- 



ride of benzoile). 



Elayle (f) C^H* CI + C^ H-* O F. d'Arcet (chloretheral). 



C3 H4 C^ H* Ci^+ C3 H^ O^ Kane (methylic chloral). 

 C«H3 C6H3CF+C6H3 02* Laurent (chlorophenesic 



acid). 

 C6 H4 C6 H4 an C6 H^ O^* Id. (chlorophenesic acid). 



C7H8 C^H«C1^ + C^H«05* Piria (chloride of salicine). 

 CUH'o Ci*H»«Cl^+4C^4Hio05* Id. (Id.) 



QH H6 c^4 H6 CF + C'4 W O^ 



+ NH^ Id. (chlorosamide). 



The combinations marked with an asterisk possess the pro- 

 perty of uniting with bases without abandoning the chloride 

 combined with them, resembling in this respect the vegeto- 

 sulphuric and vegeto-nitric acids, &c. &c. into the composition 

 of which many different substances may enter. These combi- 

 nations are five in number : observe then that the chloracetic 

 acid is not a solitary instance of a compound of this kind, and 

 that in order to explain its properties, it is by no means requisite 



t The name which I have given to the substance C^ H^ in the oil of 

 the Dutch chemists and in the ^ethereal salts of platina. 



