and Freshuoater Deposits of Eastern Norfolk. 



351 



clay, and converted into dry land, on which forest trees lived ; 

 these were afterwards submerged, broken off short near their 

 roots, and buried with their branches and leaves. The sub- 

 sidence implied by the submergence of the forest continued 

 afterwards, so as to allow of the superposition of a consider- 

 able thickness of stratified and unstratified drift. 



The general character of the cliffs between Hasborough 

 and Bacton Gap, a distance of about three miles, may be thus 

 described : first, at the bottom, the lignite or forest bed, a few 

 feet thick; secondly, above this, blue argillaceous till, con- 

 taining boulders of granite and quartz and small pieces of 

 shells from the Norwich crag; thirdly, laminated blue clay 

 resting on the till ; fourthly, stratified yellow sand, the entire 

 height of the cliffs being between 30 and 40 feet. 



The cliffs between Bacton Gap and Mundesley, a distance 

 of about three miles, are higher, but consist in like manner 

 of drift containing a great variety of boulders, this being 

 usually the lowest bed which is visible. Here we first meet 

 with fine exemplifications of strata which have undergone 

 great derangement since their original deposition, and which 

 present that most perplexing phaenomenon the superposition of 

 bent and folded beds upon others which appear to have under- 

 gone no dislocation. Thus for instance the annexed section 

 (fig. 1.) represents a cliff about 50 feet high, at the bottom of 



sand, Sic. in curved 

 beds. 



loam horizontal, 

 till or unstratified. 



Cliff b{) feet high between Bacton Gap and Mundesley. 



which is till containing boulders, having an even horizontal 

 surface on which repose beds of laminated clay and sand 

 about 5 feet thick, which in their turn are succeeded by ver- 

 tical, bent, and contorted beds of sand and loam 20 feet thick, 

 the whole being covered by flint gravel. Now the curves of 

 the various coloured beds of loose sand, loam, and gravel 

 are so complicated, that not only may we sometimes find 

 portions of them which maintain their verticality to a height 

 of 10 or 15 feet, but the replication is often such that a con- 

 tinuous seam of fine loose sand between two layers of gravel 

 or loam might be pierced three times in one perpendi- 

 cular boring. As it is clear that some of the underlying 



