and Freshwater Deposits of Eastern Norfolk. 355 



striae of growth were extremely minute; the species was not 

 determined. The scales of the perch were very numerous, but 

 tliey did not agree in a satisfactory manner with those of the 

 common British Percafiiviatilis which we were able to pro- 

 cure. The cilia of the free edges were proportionally smaller 

 and blunter in the fossil, and the divisions in the fan at the 

 basal extremity were longer and more numerous. But a 

 more extensive comparison might perhaps have enabled us 

 to identify these fossil scales with those of the living European 

 perch. Most of the vertebrae and ribs may probably belong 

 to this same fish. 



Mammalia. — I was informed at Mundesley, that many 

 years ao-o, when a zigzag road was cut down to the beach, the 

 horns of the Irish elk were found in the cliffs, but I know not 

 where they are pi'eserved and by what naturalist they were 

 seen, nor whether they were found in the freshwater deposit, 

 as is most probable, or the overlying gravel. 



Plants. — Among the vegetable fossils the most common 

 and best preserved are the seed-vessels of an aquatic plant 

 which Mr. R. Brown refers to Ceratophyllum demersum, 

 English Botany, 94-7; (see fig. 5.) 

 and I learn from Mr. J. B. Wig- Fig. 5. 



ham, that his father considers the 

 remains of the accompanying trees 

 and shrubs to be those of the oak, 

 alder, fir, and bramble ; but more 

 specimens will be required before seed vessel of Cr^^^y^y/ta 

 a perfect reliance can be placed on demersum,- Mundesley. 

 these last determinations. 



Between Mundesley and Trimmingham the cliffs are com- 

 posed as usual of drift, the upper part being stratified and 

 more sandy, the lower part consisting of till or blue clay with 

 pieces of white chalk. Whether there intervenes everywhere 

 between this drift and the fundamental chalk a bed of lignite 

 like that of Hasborough or Mundesley, I was prevented from 

 ascertaining by the height of the beach, but 1 found a sub- 

 stratum of this kind with numerous flattened leaves and 

 branches at the base of a cliff 70 feet high about a mile north- 

 west of Mundesley. 



Protuberances of chalk near Trimmingham. — We have now 

 followed the mud cliffs for a distance of about eight miles 

 without finding any chalk in situ above the mean level of the 

 sea, but near Trimmingham are three remarkable protube- 

 rances of chalk which rise up and form a part of lofty cliffs, 

 the remainder of which consists entirely of drift. These 

 detached masses or outliers of chalk were noticed in Mr. 

 Greenough's map of England, and are described by Mr. 



