and FresJmnfer Depnsiis of Eastern Norfolk. S6t. 



place called Sldestrand, where the cliff, composed of drift, is 

 120 feet high. When I was there the base of the cliff was 

 concealed by a high beach ; but when this is removed, beds 

 oF laminated blue clay and sand, 6 or 7 feet thick, make their 

 appearance, in which ai'e some trunks of trees 3 feet in diame- 

 ter, broken off to witliin a few inches of the roots, which spread 

 for a distance of several feet on all sides. At one point near 

 the bottom of this cliff a stratum of clay has been seen, in 

 which freshwater shells of tlie genus Unio, apparently U.ovalis, 

 abound. 



At the town of Cromer itself, Mr. Simons has observed be- 

 neath the drift, several feet below low-water mark, a bed of 

 lignite, in which were found the seeds of plants, and the wing- 

 case of a beetle. 



Norwich crag at Cromer. — At a still lower level than the 

 freshwater beds last mentioned, and only exposed at very low 

 water, is a thin bed of Norwich crag in situ, about one foot 

 thick, resting immediately on the chalk. It was barely visible 

 at low tide on the west side of the jetty when I visited Cromer, 

 but with the assistance of Mr. Simons, I obtained many frag- 

 ments in which pebbles, sand, and shells were aggregated to- 

 gether by a ferruginous cement. The most abundant shells 

 were the Purpura crispata, Min. Con., I'ellina solidula.^ and 

 Littorina littoreaj both the common form and the variety 

 called Zj. squalida', I found also a Fusus contrarius and F. 

 sfriatus, and Cyprina islandica, but I could detect no small 

 or delicate shells, and the deposit had the appearance of 

 having been formed in a shallow sea, and not in still water. 



Although the deposit at Cromer varies slightly at each new 

 spot where we examine it, it appears from repeated observa- 

 tions of Mr. Simons that the following section would give a 

 fair representation of the whole : first, chalk, with horizontal 

 surface; 2ndly, Norwich crag, with marine shells, from 1 to 

 2 feet thick; Srdly, laminated blue clay, with pyrites, and 

 the bones of mammalia, 8 feet. The upper part of this clay 

 is at about high-water mark, and it forms the beach ; 4thlv, 

 above high-water mark, layers of pure sand alternating with 

 blue clay, with occasionally patches of gravel. In these beds 

 the bones of mammalia occur and lignite abounds, thickness 

 jO feet. To these horizontal strata succeed the curved beds 

 of dritt, partly argillaceous and partly white and yellow sand, 

 with imbedded masses of chalk and chalk rubble, the whole 

 60 feet thick. 



Among the mammalian remains found on the beach and 

 chiefly in situ in the blue clay. No, .S, Mr. Owen has re- 

 cognized the following: 1. Teeth of Elephas primigenius; 2. 



Phil. Mag. S. 3. Vol. 16. No. 104-. May :;840. ' 2 B 



