362 Mr. Lyell on the Boulder Formation, 



tooth of rhinoceros ; 3. teeth of horse, the largest which 

 Mr. Owen has ever seen fossil ; its longest transverse diameter 

 is 1 inch 4-lOths, which, however, does not exceed that of large 

 living individuals; 4. bones of the ox ; 5. horns and bones of 

 a deer of the size of the red deer, and the base of a shed 

 horn of the same; 6. a smaller species of deer; 7. lower jaw 

 left ramus of the beaver, a species larger than the living 

 one and apparently distinct. Among other characters the 

 anterior molar of the lower jaw has a much greater propor- 

 tional breadth. 



The wood collected from the lignite bed, No. 4, is coni- 

 ferous, and a cone which Mr. Simons procured from the same 

 bed is certainly not the Scotch fir. Mr. R. Brown, who 

 has examined it, has little doubt that it belongs to Pinus 

 abies, or the spruce fir, a northern species not indigenous to 

 Britain. 



Cromer is the most south-eastern point on this coast at 

 which I observed yellow ferruginous crag; but a blue sand 

 containing the same marine shells has been traced for more 

 than a mile further in that direction by Mr. Simons; and I 

 have lately learnt from Mr. J. B. Wigham, that at Bacton 

 Gap before mentioned, about 8^ miles distant in a straight 

 line from Cromer, the hard ferruginous crag has been found 

 immediately on the chalk. At that place, besides some of the 

 usual shells, teeth of a small rodent [arvicola ?) have been 

 found, as at Norwich. About a mile westward of Cromer 

 the crag re-appears, and again at Runton, as will be presently 

 mentioned. 



Freshwater strata ofliunton between Cromer and Weybourne. 

 — I shall mention here the only locality in which the fresh- 

 water deposit has been seen beyond Cromer, namely, at 

 about 2^ miles N.E. of that town, on both sides of West 

 Runton gap. Here it contains many shells as at Mundesley, 

 and its position is unequivocally at the bottom of the drift, and 

 immediately over the fundamental chalk, which is covered with 

 patches of crag as at Cromer. 



Thesection seen here on both sides of the gap consists, 

 first, of drift, having its usual characters and irregularly curved 

 stratification, and including small dispersed fragments of crag 

 shells, its thickness being 60 feet and upwards. At the bot- 

 tom of this the freshwater deposit occurs in patches of black 

 earth from 3 to 5 feet thick, under which is a bed of reddish 

 sand about 3 feet thick with freshwater shells in its upper 

 part, and below this the crag in a discontinuous stratum less 

 than a foot in thickness. The fundamental chalk contains 

 large flints or paramoudrae. The lower part of the section 



