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LXIII. On the Combinations of Carbon with Silicon and Iron, 

 and other Metals, forming the different Species of Cast Iron, 

 Steel, and Malleable Iron. By Dr. C. Schafhaeutl, of 

 Munich. 



[Continued from p. 304.] 



npO illustrate this and to arrive at a nearer insight into the 

 -■- chemical composition of iron, I shall select three speci- 

 mens of cast iron, the one of English, the other two of French 

 production. 



(A) Iron from the Maesteg iron-works near Neath in South 

 Wales. Colour white, brilliant and granulated ; on the lowest 

 part of the pig appearances of contraction ; yielding in some 

 degree to the stroke of the hammer and being very difficult to 

 break into fragments. I am given to understand it is pro- 

 duced from clay iron-stone mixed with some Cornish ore, 

 probably red oxide of iron, and by means of a hot blast. Spe- 

 cific gravity T'^OT. 



(B) Iron from Vienne in France, departement de I'Isere; pro- 

 duced from the ore of La Voulte, (that is red oxide of iron,) 

 mixed with about one-third part of pea-iron-ore. The coke 

 is from Rive de Gier*. 



The hot blast was also used here. Colour gray, of great 

 dark graphite-like brilliancy ; the scaly appearance very much 

 developed; easy to be broken into small fragments, with a spe- 

 cies of tough resistance, making a similar sound as pure tin 

 when beaten, but still difficult to reduce to very fine powder ; 

 specific gravity 6*898. 



(C) Iron of Creuzot, departement de Saone et Loire; pro- 

 duced from bog iron ore, with a mixture of brown iron ore of 

 varying qualities and some puddling slag. The cold blast was 

 applied. The fracture dead grayish ; earthy ; hardness con- 

 siderable ; brittle, not yielding to the hammer ; specific gra- 

 vity 7-378. 



Thirty-five grains of iron, (A) and (B), in small fragments 

 were put into two retorts, and four ounces of hydrochloric acid 

 of 1'16 specific gravity poured over them; the beak of the re- 

 tort was connected with two Woulfe's bottles, filled with a 

 neutral solution of acetate of lead, temperature 62° Fahr. 



* The coke from Rive de Gier contains, according to Berthier, 

 75.00 Carbon. 

 03-50 Volatile matter. 

 21 "50 Ashes (alumina). 



] 00000 

 containing likewise 0*300 pyrites. As soon as this fuel is changed for 

 purer coke, gray iron cannot be produced there. 



