40 



gravel, much of it coarse. Towards its west end the 

 gravel is 10 to 12 feet (3-0 to 3-6 m.) deep and overlies 

 25 or 30 (7-6 or 9-1 m.) feet of stony till or boulder 

 clay, which in turn rests upon the Lockport limestone. 



From Stedman bluff one looks down upon the American 

 fall and the rapids above it and into the mist and spray which 

 largely conceal from sight the great blocks below. In the 

 distance to the north one looks down the upper gorge to the 

 railroad bridges. The turbulent water, with its wonderful 

 foam pattern, its whirls and boils, is a fascinating object to 

 study. The currents show how small is the influence of the 

 water passing over the American fall compared with that 



The American Fall, looking north from bluff at northwest corner of Goat Island; Luna 

 Island in the foreground. 



which comes from the greater cataract. From this point one 

 sees in the foreground the relatively small but beautiful 

 Luna fall, with Luna island on its north side, beyond which 

 a good view is had of the central part of the Ameiican 

 fall, where the re-entrant angle is deepest and where re- 

 cession, if any, has been greatest. The thinness of the 

 water sheet here is quite notable as compared with the 

 heavier mass beyond. 



