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several of which contain remarkable potholes drilled by 

 the spinning action of pebbles under the falling water of 

 the cataract, probably after the blocks had fallen. Con- 

 tinuing to the west, the path descends to the cove, or 

 Fisherman's eddy, a quiet spot a little above the turbulent 

 waters of Foster rapids. The path is here on the Whirl- 

 pool sandstone. To the east, the ledges of this rock 

 overhanging the turbulent waters of the rapids show, in 

 a beautiful way, its cross bedding and laminated structure. 

 At one or two places the path descends below the sandstone 

 and rests on the Queenston shale, which is a soft, dark red 

 mud rock. The contact of the sandstone, where it rests 

 upon the shale, is well exposed and is remarkably sharp and 

 abrupt. This path affords fine views of Foster rapids, 

 some of the billows of which equal or surpass those of the 

 Whirlpool rapids, and the channel here shows more ob- 

 structing rocks and reefs. 



The path at length emerges upon a wooded terrace 

 called Fostei 's fiats, formed by the surface of the Whirlpool 

 sandstone where the cataract was unable to penetrate it. 



Returning, the path to the right is followed through 

 Niagara glen, passing along the north side of a narrow, 

 sharp ridge projecting towards the northeast. This part of 

 the old river bed belonged to that part of the cataract 

 which flowed over Wintergreen terrace. Another lower 

 terrace formed by the Clinton limestone extends along 

 the base of the eastern and southern sides of Wintergreen 

 terrace and is largely covered with huge blocks of Lockport 

 limestone fallen from above. Ascending, one gets a good 

 idea of the size of some of these blocks where the path 

 follows narrow passages between them or under their 

 corners where they lie close together. 



Soon after leaving Wintergreen terrace, a low drift 

 bluff is seen running to the north. This marks the drift 

 bank of the river when the falls were near Queenston. 

 When about opposite Niagara university the gorge turns 

 towards the rorth and grows slightly narrower. This 

 point of correlation with the lake history is not so sharply 

 defined as the two mentioned above, but it is believed 

 that, during the Kirkfield stage of Lake Algonquin, Niagara 

 had only the discharge of Lake Erie, and more than a mile 

 of the gorge north of the university was made at that time. 

 When the uplift of the land closed the outlet at Kirkfield 

 and sent the overflow to Port Huron and Chicago, the 



