5 

 EXCURSIONS A 4 AND B 1. 



NIAGARA— IROQUOIS BEACH 



BY 



F. B. Taylor 



and 



A. P. Coleman. 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 



Niagara falls and Gorge, by Frank Bursley Taylor 8 



General relations of the Niagara district 8 



Niagara district during the time of the last ice 



sheet 8 



Physiographic development 9 



Origin of drainage system io 



Strata in Niagara gorge io 



The procjpss of gorge making 12 



Relations of the Great Lakes to Niagara history. 13 

 Outline of the great lakes history since the beginning 



of Niagara falls 15 



The succession of the Great Lakes 15 



Early Lake Algonquin 17 



Lake Algonquin, Kirkfield stage 17 



Lake Algonquin, Port Huron stage 17 



Nipissing Great Lakes 18 



The present Great Lakes 18 



Influence of this succession on the volume of 



Niagara river 19 



Influence of the Ontario basin on Niagara falls .... 20 



Soundings in Niagara gorge 21 



Geology of Niagara gorge 22 



Summary of gorge characters and sections 24 



First or oldest section (Lewiston branch gorge) . . 25 



The Old Narrow gorge 25 



The Lower Great gorge 26 



The gorge of the Whirpool rapids 27 



The Upper Great gorge 28 



Tabular resume 29 



