8 9 



face, indicating faulting. The fault line is continuous with 

 the western shore of lake Temiskaming, and furnishes still 

 further evidence confirmatory of the theory that the lake lies 

 along a great northwest-southeast fault. 



In places these limestones are rich in fossils.* 



PLEISTOCENE 



Immediately preceding the Glacial period, doubtless the 

 surface of what is now the productive cobalt-silver area 

 was in a highly weathered or decomposed condition. The 

 glaciers scraped off the loose material from the surface 

 and carried it southward, intermingled with other material. 

 In all probability much more cobalt-silver ore was carried 

 away by the ice sheet than has been mined. Nuggets or 

 boulders of rich silver ore have been found in prospecting 

 trenches at numerous points to the south of the mines. A 

 glacial boulder, worth about five thousand dollars, is now 

 in the Bureau of Mines collection. 



Everywhere throughout the region the surfaces of the 

 rocks give evidence of glacial action. The underlying 

 loose deposits, on the surface of the glaciated rocks, consist 

 typically of boulder clay. This is succeeded upward, north 

 of Cobalt, by a considerable thickness of strikingly well 

 laminated clay. Above this clay, on some of the hills, to 

 the north of lake Temiskaming are sand and gravel deposits. 

 The glacial deposits in this part of Ontario have been well 

 described by Dr. A. P. Coleman.** 



A couple of miles northward of Cobalt station the agri- 

 cultural region of this part of northern Ontario is met with. 

 The soil is essentially a well banded clay. Between this 

 point and the height of land, or watershed, between the 

 Hudson bay and Ottawa river waters, the clay does not 

 form a continuous mantle, but there are large areas of till- 

 able land which is being rapidly settled. Outcrops of solid 

 rock, in many cases representing hill tops, which project 

 through the clays, are seen. North of the height of land, 

 however, is a lar»e agricultural area, estimated at 16,000,000 



*Geol. Sur. Canada, Vol. X, 1897. 

 **Lake Ojibway; Last of the Great Glacial Lakes. Eighteenth Report, 

 Ontario Bureau of Mines, p. 284 et seq. 



