2 9 



The steepest cliffs of the section are cut from this thick 

 mass of hard clay which stands vertical to a height of 150 

 feet. Small streams coming in have cut extraordinary- 

 ravines, one of them with the aid of rain erosion shaping 

 the tower and buttresses of the " church." A stairway 

 leads up 170 feet from the shore at the Dutch Church to 

 the Iroquois terrace, here beautifully displayed with a shore 

 cliff more than 100 feet high; and a walk of three-quarters 

 of a mile brings one to the Kingston road, at Half-way 

 House, where a car may be taken to the city. 



INTERGEACIAE BEDS IN THE WESTERN PART OE TORONTO. 



The order of succession and relative ages of the deposits 

 thus far described are well ascertained, but in the western 

 part of Toronto, north of Bloor street and near Christie 

 and Shaw streets, there are fossiliferous beds of uncertain 

 position. Eighty feet of tumultuously cross-bedded sands 

 and gravels here underlie the second till sheet, so that they 

 are clearly interglacial ; but they differ so much in character 

 from both the Don and Scarboro beds that they cannot be 

 classed with either. They were evidently formed by a 

 powerful river which sometimes deposited coarse materials 

 in its bed and then cut them away again by some shifting 

 of its channels, a type of work quite different from the quiet 

 deposit of clay and sand in the interglacial delta of the Don 

 and Scarboro sections. They may be older than the Don 

 beds or younger than the Scarboro beds. 



These western beds contain a few fragments of unios 

 as well as Sphocriums, Pleuroceras and other small shells, 

 all of which occur in the Don beds. A little wood found 

 in these sand pits is still undetermined. The most interest- 

 ing fossils obtained are scattered bones of mammals, includ- 

 ing bison, deer and mammoth or mastodon. A horn of 

 Cervalces borealis, as determined by Prof. Bensley, an atlas 

 vertebra of bison and part of a lower jaw of a bear (O. P. 

 Hay) have been found also, and several fragments of ivory 

 have been picked up. All of these remains seem to have 

 been waterworn and may have been transported for some 

 distance. There is no certain evidence as to climate in the 

 fossils thus far found. 



From the lists given above it will be seen that the 

 Toronto Formation has furnished a wide range of fossils, 



