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mountains were excavated by local glaciers, so that these 

 high mountains now have characteristic serrated summits. 

 Valley glaciers occupied and scoured out the larger valleys, 

 converting some of them, chiefly the transverse valleys 

 flowing south westward from the main range to the Pacific, 

 into fiords, and deepening some of the interior valleys 

 into large lake basins. The valley glaciers flowing east- 

 ward from the east slope of the Vancouver range joined with 



Block diagram, illustrating topography of southern Vancouver island. 



the larger and more numerous glaciers flowing west- 

 ward from the range of the mainland, and formed an exten- 

 sive piedmont glacier which occupied the downfold be- 

 tween the Vancouver range and the ranges of the mainland. 

 The southward flowing portion of this piedmont glacier, 

 [8] called the Strait of Georgia glacier, overrode the 

 lowland developed by the pre-Glacial cycle in southeastern 

 Vancouver island and sub-maturely glaciated it. On the 

 retreat of the earlier and larger glaciers of the Admiralty 

 epoch, the land stood at least 200 feet (60 m.) lower than 

 at present, and during an inter-glacial epoch, the Puyallup, 

 the lowlands developed by the pre-Glacial cycle were 

 covered by marine and delta deposits composed largely of 

 glacial detritus, the Maywood clays and Cordova sands 

 and gravels. During a later and less intense epoch of 

 glacial advance, the Vashon, the inter-glacial deposits were 



