286 



partially eroded by the smaller glaciers. The apparently 

 rapid retreat of the Vashon glaciers left the inter-glacial 

 deposits partly covered by a younger drift and by large delta 

 deposits, the Colwood sands and gravels, built at the front of 

 the larger retreating valley glaciers. 



A recent uplift of some 250 feet (75 m.) has caused a 

 partial recovery from the former depression, which, as 

 mentioned above, resulted in the drowned coast of south- 

 eastern Vancouver island, and has initiated the present 

 marine cycle. During this cycle the uplifted Pleisto- 

 cene deposits have been retrograded to form steep cliffs 

 some 250 feet (75 m.) high, while the coast, where composed 

 of the crystalline rocks, presents the initial irregularities 

 of the drowned glaciated surface. Inland the uplifted 

 Pleistocene deposits have been terraced by the streams 

 revived by the uplift, and the larger of the revived streams 

 have cut narrow canyons, from 100 to 300 feet (30 to 90 m.) 

 deep, in the hard rock. 



ANNOTATED GUIDE. 



VANCOUVER TO VICTORIA. 



(Excursion C 1, and C 2, Section 1.) 



Miles and 

 Kilometres. 



o m. Vancouver — Leaving Vancouver the steamer 



o km. sails westward through the narrow pass, called 



the First Narrows, at the entrance of Vancouver 

 harbour, into the Strait of Georgia. To the 

 north are the lower mountains of the Coast 

 range, composed largely of granitic rocks, and 

 to the south is the low area underlain by the 

 relatively unresistent Eocene sediments, con- 

 sisting largely of sandstones and conglomerates, 

 only moderately disturbed, and well exposed 

 in the shore cliffs [9]. The Eocene sediments 

 are almost entirely covered with the thick 

 deposit of clay, sand, and gravel comprising the 

 Fraser River delta, built largely in post-Glacial 

 times and recently uplifted some 400 feet 

 (120 m.) and cliffed during the present marine 

 cycle so that the old delta appears conspicuously 



