292 



Kilometres covered with large glaciers and snow fields. 

 To the east on clear days may be seen the 

 Cascade range of Washington with the denuded 

 snow-and glacier-capped volcano, Mt. Baker, 

 towering above the highest peaks for 4,000 feet 

 (1,200 m.) and attaining an elevation of 10,694 

 feet (3,260 m.) To the northwest, the com- 

 paratively low, flat-topped, heavily wooded 

 range of Vancouver island, attaining elevations 

 from 1,500 feet (450 m.) to 3,000 feet (900 m.), 

 forms the background, while in the foreground 

 is the pre-glacial lowland of the vicinity of 

 Victoria, surmounted by many small monad- 

 nocks. 



Rounding Trial islands which ar composed 

 of the Vancouver meta-andesites, the steamer 

 gradually turns northward and finally enters 

 Victoria harbour, a comparatively narrow and 

 small inlet, formed by the depression below 

 sea-level of one of the submaturely glaciated 

 valleys of the southeastern lowland. To the 

 east is the city of Victoria, and to the west is 

 the Esquimalt peninsula. 



84 m. Victoria— 



135 km. 



GEOLOGY OF THE REGION AROUND VICTORIA. 



Physiography. 



The region around Victoria [4] consists almost entirely 

 of the lowland developed in the southeastern part of 

 Vancouver island during the pre-Glacial cycle. The 

 lowland is not smooth, but, except where covered by drift 

 deposits, is characterized by small irregular valleys and 

 by a great number of rock ledges. The valleys are well 

 adjusted to the weaker parts of the rocks, shear zones 

 and joint planes, and frequently follow contacts, even 

 where the contacts are irregular. The lowland is drained 

 chiefly by numerous wet-weather streams with an inter- 

 mittent flow, there being no larger rivers. Surmounting 

 the lowland from 100 to 600 feet (30 to 180 m.) are numerous 

 but relatively small monadnocks, and in ths western part 



