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form sea-cliffs 200 to 250 feet (60 to 75 m.) high with sand 

 spits and bars, and in some places, as on the shore of 

 Royal Roads, a nearly straight shore line. In many in- 

 stances, as along the shore south of Victoria, the drift 

 has been retrograded in places beyond the underlying 

 rocks. The hard rocks form small, sub-sharp to 

 rounded points, which project beyond the even, cliffed 

 shore line. In other instances, as on the shore of Esquimalt 

 peninsula, the drift has been largely removed, or else was 

 never deposited and a very irregular shore line is the result. 

 This irregular shore line, developed by retrogression of 

 the drift cover, is in marked contrast to the simple retro- 

 graded type, and as already mentioned, in order to emphasize 

 its analogy to the valley of a superposed river, has been 

 called a contraposed shore line. The larger part of the 

 coast is composed of resistant rocks, and virtually none of 

 the initial irregularities of the depressed glaciated rock 

 surface have been destroyed. On the contrary minor 

 irregularities, such as small coves and wave chasms have 

 been developed by wave action on the shear zones, joints, 

 dykes, and interbedded softer rocks. The hard rocks 

 themselves have not been beached, but since the retro- 

 graded drift deposits frequently occur between head lands 

 of hard rock, narrow beaches composed of their material 

 occur in the protected places of the headlands. 



General Geology. 



TABLE OF FORMATIONS. 

 Quaternary . 

 Superficial deposits. 



Post-Glacial deposits Recent. 



Beach alluvium 



Valley and Swamp alluvium. 



Vashon Glacial deposits. Pleistocene, later Glacial epoch. 



Colwood sands and gravels Stage of glacial retreat. 



Vashon drift. Stage of glacial occupation. 



Puyallup inter-Glacial deposits. Pleistocene. 



Cordova sands and gravels (Inter-glacial 



Maywood clays. \epoch. 



Admiralty Glacial deposits. Pleistocene. 



Admiralty till. Earlier Glacial epoch. 



