Miles and 

 Kilometres. 



334 

 ANNOTATED GUIDE. 



(Nanaimo to Victoria). 



o m. Nanaimo — Altitude 133 feet (40m.). From 



o km. Nanaimo the railroad runs south, and for 



about two miles follows closely the outcrop of 

 the Douglas seam. To the west may be seen one 

 of the recently abandoned slopes on the New- 

 castle seam. Farther west is the drift covered 

 lowland terminated by the steep slope of Mt. 

 Benson. Farther south near Chase river the 

 outcrop of the coal seams swings to the east, 

 and to the west are the bare back slopes of the 

 cuestas of Extension conglomerate, which dip 

 northeast toward the railroad. 

 3-3 m. Stark Crossing — Altitude 80 ft. (24m.). At 



5-3 km. Stark Crossing the railroad turns and runs east 

 for three quarters of a mile (1 km.), and then 

 again follows the outcrop of the Douglas seam 

 south by east for two and a half miles (4 km.). 

 Immediately to the west are the ruins of the old 

 Southfield mine, and a half a mile north of 

 South Wellington is one of the mines now 

 operated by the Pacific Coast Coal Mines, the 

 coal being brought to the surface through two 

 slopes on the seam. 

 5-3 m. South Wellington — Altitude 124 ft. (37 m.). 



8-5 km. At South Wellington is the abandoned Alex- 

 andria mine. To the east is the steep front 

 slope or cliff of the cuesta formed by the north- 

 eastward dipping Protection sandstones, and 

 to the west across the alluvial-filled, 

 submaturely glaciated valley, formed along 

 the outcrop of the Douglas and Newcastle 

 seams, and in which is situated Cran- 

 berry lake, is the back slope of a cuesta of 

 conglomerate of the Cranberry formation. To 

 the south the railroad, after crossing the railroad 

 of the Pacific Coast Coal Mines cuts through 

 the lower part of the white weathering Protec- 

 tion sandstone, and for over a mile runs in 

 places along the back slope of the Protection 



