335 



Kilometres sandstone cuesta. Just before crossing the 

 Nanaimo river, a quarter of a mile north of 

 Cassidy Siding, the railroad runs on to the 

 Nanaimo delta, built at the mouth of the upper 

 part of the Nanaimo River valley, during the 

 recession of the Vashon glaciers and terraced 

 by the recently revived river. Along its present 

 course the revived stream has cut a narrow 

 canyon, 80 feet (24 m.) deep, in the Protection 

 sandstone. 



Cassidy Siding — Altitude 132 ft. (40 m.). 

 At Cassidy Siding the Protection sandstone 

 cuesta is seen to the west; to the east are the 

 low terraces of the Nanaimo delta, and still 

 farther east is the drift-filled, glaciated valley 

 formed in the Cedar district shales. To the 

 south the railroad crosses two branches of 

 Haslam creek, which here splits into two or three 

 channels while crossing one of the broad terraces 

 of the Nanaimo delta. South of Haslam creek 

 the railroad traverses the Nanaimo delta nearly 

 to Ladysmith. 

 10-9 m. Brenton — Altitude 95 ft. (30 m.). North 



17-5 km. of Brenton a cuesta of Protection sandstone is 

 seen east of the track. To the southwest 

 beyond the terraced delta is the monadnock, 

 Mt. Hayes, elevation 1,450 feet (442 m.), 

 composed of Saanich granodiorite, and almost 

 entirely surrounded by the Haslam shales, and 

 hence presumably an island during the deposi- 

 tion of the lower members of the Nanaimo 

 series. From Brenton to Ladysmith the railroad 

 is parallel to the Extension railroad of the 

 Canadian Collieries Company, over which the 

 coal from the Extension mines is brought to 

 Ladysmith. To the north of Ladysmith, the 

 railroad cuts through the Protection sandstone, 

 which has here a nearly vertical dip, the base 

 on which the Nanaimo series rests occurring 

 only a mile to the west. 

 14-1 m. Ladysmith — Altitude 83 ft. (25 m.). To the 



22-7 km. east is Ladysmith harbour, the drowned south- 

 ern portion of the glaciated valley developed 

 in the Cedar District shales. Beyond the 



