347 



Miles and 

 Kilometres. 



46-5 m. Gifford — Descending the eastern slope 



74-8 km. of Mount Lehman near Gifford, 



49 m. Clayburn — the line is only a short distance 



78-8 km. from Fraser river, which can be 



seen on the left. Here again is low flat open 



country only about 20 feet (6 m.) above sea level. 



The railway runs for about five miles (8 km.) 



through this country to Clayburn station 



which is about one mile distant from the brick 



works of the Clayburn Brick Company. 



From the brick works a narrow gauge railway 

 runs up the valley of Kelly creek into Sumas 

 mountain for a distance of about 3! miles 

 (5-6 km. ), to the fire clay deposits. The 

 railway is used for carrying the clay from the 

 mines to the brick works and is operated solely 

 for the convenience of the Clayburn Brick 

 Company. 



GEOLOGY OF THE REGION ABOUT CLAYBURN. 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION. 



The village of Clayburn, populated almost entirely by 

 people employed in the mines and brick works, is situated 

 on the western edge of Sumas mountain, about a mile 

 from the station. Sumas mountain itself is a heavily 

 wooded hill rising through the flat lying delta country 

 to an altitude of about 1,000 feet (305 m.) above sea 

 level. The central part of the mountain is made up of 

 massive quartz porphyries which are believed to be of 

 Lower Cretaceous age, and around this has been deposited 

 a series of beds of Eocene age consisting of conglomerate, 

 sandstone, shale and thin seams of coal. The Eocene 

 beds rest unconformably on the quartz porpyhry floor, 

 and have a gentle dip ranging from 5 to 15 degrees to the 

 southwest. Outcrops of these rocks are rare, and on the 

 lower slopes of the mountain they are covered by Pleisto- 

 cene sands and clays. 



The Eocene deposits contain the beds of fire clay which 

 are said to be the most important on the Pacific Coast of 

 Canada. 



