361 



Kilometres ano - a m i nor tra ^ following up the course of 

 the river. On this trail, at about two miles 

 (3-2 km.) from the place where the main trail 

 crosses the river, are to be seen a series of three 

 beaches. These succeed each other at short 

 intervals, are very well marked, and as in 

 many other instances are covered with Banksian 

 pine. 



Along the North Pine river are several 

 exposures of Cretaceous rocks. A short dis- 

 tance above the point where the. main trail 

 crosses it, the river cuts into "the big ridge". 

 At the base of this cutting, about 12 feet 

 (3.6 m.) of shale is to be seen. This shale is for 

 the most part of a dark gray colour and thin 

 bedded, and weathers to thin flakes which 

 rapidly disintegrate to mud. About seven 

 feet (2 . 1 m.) above the water level is a thin bed 

 of yellowish white clay, soft in texture, and 

 having a peculiar astringent taste. 



A short distance up the river and on the same 

 side — the north — is another similar exposure. 

 Both of these are probably of the Benton series. 

 [4]. 



About three quarters of a mile (1.2 km.) 

 farther up the river are two cliffs on the opposite 

 or south shore of the river giving very good 

 exposures of the Niobrara shales [4] and lime- 

 stones. The shales are of a lighter colour than 

 those of the Benton below, and the limestone 

 might better be described as marl or at least 

 calcareous shale. It is very rich in foraminifera, 

 Globigerina especially being present in large 

 numbers. In addition to these, other and larger 

 fossils are to be found in considerable quantity. 

 Of these, a species of Inoceramus and a large 

 species of Ostrea are particularly abundant. 

 [5, p. 102]. 



