364 



spring season serve to effectually scour out the shore and 

 so maintain a clean gravel beach along the front. The 

 effect of these ice shoves may be seen in the movement of 

 some of the large boulders which lie thickly scattered along 

 the shore, and in the long parallel ridges of non-assorted 

 gravel which build up the beach some feet above the marshy 

 ground beyond and behind it. These ridges may be 

 further worked over by the waves which serve sometimes 

 to intensify and sometimes to lessen the effect produced by 

 the ice shove. 



As already indicated the rock outcrops are five in number: 

 two at the north end; two on the isthmus; and one on the 

 southern expansion. 



In the three exposures which stand high enough to show 

 the dip, there is a marked inclination of the beds, varying 

 from 5 to 15 in direction from S. 85 E. to S. 45 W. The 

 dip in each case, however, seems to be quite local, and does 

 not serve to bring any new beds to the surface, for in all 

 five outcroppings the rock seems quite similar, and it is 

 probable that there is no bed exposed on the island that is 

 not represented in the higher of the two cliffs at the north 

 end. 



The first exposure at this end forms the northwest corner 

 of the island, and extends for about 200 feet (60 m.) along 

 the northeast shore, and about 300 feet (91 m.) along the 

 the northwest shore. The dip, from 4 to 5 degrees is fairly 

 constant in a direction about S. 8o° E. to S. 70 E. This 

 causes the beds to dip down to the shore and under the 

 water on the northeastern side, and brings them out in a 

 cliff on the northwestern. From the summit of this cliff, 

 the beds gradually break away toward the southwest till 

 they are lost under the drift and gravel of the beach. 



At its highest point the cliff stands 12 or 13 feet (3-6 m.) 

 above the water. It consists of three fairly well marked 

 divisions. The lower four feet (1-2 m.) is a fine 

 grained, fairly brittle limestone, light in colour and bearing 

 a few fossils. Above this is a coarse, dark bed of limestone, 

 very fossiliferous and from 12 inches to 15 inches (30 cm to 

 38 cm.) thick. A weathered section of this shows innu- 

 merable sections of brachiopod and other shells. The 

 upper surface of this bed displays fragments of shells in all 

 conditions of mechanical disintegration. This comminu- 

 tion together with wave marks shown on one of the blocks 



