H 



Miles and gravels of the ancient lake to Phelan, where 

 the railway follows up Onaping river through 

 rough hills of Upper Huronian tuff and conglom- 

 erate to the micropegmatite on the northwestern 

 side of the nickel basin. For four miles (6 • 4 km.) 

 the road passes between high hills belonging 

 to the nickel eruptive, and then enters the 

 Laurentian at Windy Lake, which lies to the 

 south. 



32 m. Windy Lake — Altitude 1,221 ft. (372 m.). 



51 -4 km. Beyond this to Cartier the landscape consists 

 of hills of granite and gneiss, partially covered 

 with sand and gravel deposits of Lake Algon- 

 quin. 



CARTIER TO COLDWELL. 



BY 



A. L. Parsons. 



INTRODUCTION. 



The region traversed by the Canadian Pacific railway 

 from Cartier to the boundary between Ontario and Mani- 

 toba is underlain by Pre-Cambrian rocks of Laurentian, 

 Keewatin, Lower Huronian, Animikie (Upper Huronian) 

 and Keweenawan age. These solid rocks are very thinly 

 covered by Pleistocene glacial deposits and stratified 

 sands, gravels and clays. Their uneven surface contains 

 unnumbered lakes and numerous rivers, which constitute 

 the principal avenues of communication with the region 

 at a distance from the railway. Along the north shore of 

 Lake Superior the country has a different aspect, where the 

 Animikie and Keweenawan are present. Most of the 

 region is covered with a thick growth of forest. 



