9i 



Inoceramus problematicus, Belemnitella manitobensis, Lori- 

 cula canadensis, PtycJiodus parvulus, Lamna manitobensis, 

 Enchodus shumardi, and Cladocyclus occidentalis. 



Pierre. — Marine deposits with little trace of calcareous 

 matter succeed the Niobrara. In places almost 1,000 feet 

 (304 m.) of shales are found in the formation. It is claimed 

 that in the western part a great uplift occurred during the 

 early part of this time interval, and brackish and fresh 

 water deposits were formed and afterwards covered by 

 marine beds before the close of the period. In Manitoba 

 the marine sediments are divided into an upper or Odanah 

 and a lower or Millwood. The time interval between the 

 two may coincide with the period of uplift in the west. 

 The western section is divided into Bearpaw shales, Belly 

 River series and Claggett shales. 



Claggett. — The "lower dark shales" of Dawson in 

 southern Alberta have been given a thickness of 800 feet 

 (243 m.). In Moose Mountain 250 feet (76 m.) of shale 

 is supposed to represent this division. They are marine in 

 origin and hold fossils of Pierre type. 



Belly River. — This series of shales and sandstone beds 

 are light-coloured and in appearance very much like the 

 beds at the top of the Cretaceous. The fossils are brackish 

 water types with probably fresh water forms in the upper 

 part. Land conditions prevailed toward the close of this 

 period of deposition and coal seams were formed. The 

 measures extend eastward from the vicinity of the moun- 

 tains into Saskatchewan. The thickness of the formation 

 is about 800 or 900 feet (243 or 274 m.), but probably 

 thins eastward. A similar series on the Peace river — the 

 Dunvegan sandstones — probably belongs to this period. 



Bearpaw. — The Pierre-Foxhill of Alberta and Sas- 

 katchewan is without doubt the equivalent of the Bearpaw 

 of Montana. The formation in Alberta is about 700 feet 

 (213 m.) in thickness. The fossils are marine and comprise 

 among the common forms, Baculites compressns, B. grandis, 

 Scaphites nodosus, Placenticeras placenta, Inoceramus altus, 

 I. nebrascensis, I. tenuilineatus , and many others. 



Edmonton. — In southern Saskatchewan the beds for- 

 merly called Laramie are divisible into a lower brackish 

 water series and an upper fresh water one. The lower 

 bears the same relation to the upper that the Edmonton 

 does to the early Tertiary. 



