67 



into valley glaciers the smooth and rounded contour of ridge 

 and hill was destroyed by the roughening effect of the latter 

 glaciers which has given the present characteristic alpine 

 topography in areas above the level of the 5,000 foot 

 (1,524 m.) contour. In the vicinity of Nelson well marked 

 glacial striae and groovings have been noted at an eleva- 

 tion of 6,600 feet (2,000 m.) and erratics at 7,184 feet 

 (2,188 m.) above sea level. The slopes are covered with 

 a mantle of varying thickness of drift more or less modified 

 and of "wash". The main valleys are usually flanked 

 by a series of terraces. 



ANNOTATED GUIDE. 



(proctor to castlegar). 



KUomerrts Proctor — At the entrance to the west arm 



of Kootenay lake and for about three miles 

 (4-8 km.) to the west, the valley is eroded in 

 rocks of the Slocan, Selkirk and Shuswap series. 

 Westward to and beyond Nelson the valley 

 lies within the area underlain by the granitic 

 rocks of the Nelson batholith. The west arm 

 preserves its lake-like characteristics as far as 

 Nelson though at several points moderate 

 currents have developed due to the encroach- 

 ment of delta deposits. Just west of Nelson 

 the arm is blocked by boulder drift and a small 

 rapid is developed, marking the continuation 

 of Kootenay river. The rocky bed of the river 

 is but little below the present level of erosion 

 in contradistinction to the bed of the west arm 

 which for the most part has a depth comparable 

 to the main part of Kootenay lake, 

 cm. Nelson — Altitude, 1,769 ft. (539 m.). The 



o km. city of Nelson is situated on the delta of Cotton- 

 v/ood creek which flows into the west arm about 

 22 miles (35-4 km.) west of the main body of 

 Kootenay lake. The city owes its existence 

 primarily to the mining activity in the later 

 8o's and for some years its growth depended 

 wholly on the mining industry. At present, min- 

 ing, lumbering, manufacturing and fruit ranch- 

 ing are the chief industries and the city is also the 



36425—5* 



