I07 



Miles and orcs. The Palaeozoic rocks are intruded by 



Kilometres. i- • i i i t^ • • i 



granodiorite, probably lertiary m age, the 

 contact crossing the valley 3 miles (4-83 km.) 

 east of Nighthawk. 

 ']'] m. Chopaka — Alt. 1,150 ft. (350-5 m.). Beyond 



124 km. Nighthawk, the railway enters a broad glaciated 

 valley, running almost north and south, and 

 turning sharply to the north within a few miles 

 crosses the International Boundary line into 

 Canada at Chopaka. From here northward 

 to Keremeos the river and railway follow the 

 eastern foot of the Okanagan mountains, the 

 extreme eastern range of the Cascade system, 

 which rises abruptly from the valley bottom to 

 an elevation of 8,000 feet (2,438 m.) above sea 

 level. Crossing the Similkameen river 4 miles 

 (6-4 km.) north of the boundary line, where the 

 Palaeozoic rocks are again in contact with the 

 granodiorite, the railway keeps the eastern side 

 of the stream for several miles. These Palaeo- 

 zoic rocks form both sides of the valley almost 

 up to Hedley, except where they are capped by 

 almost horizontally Tertiary volcanic rocks on 

 the east side of the valley below Keremeos. 

 94 m. Keremeos — Alt 1,330 ft. (405-4 m.). Kere- 



151-2 km. meos, situated at the mouth of Keremeos creek, 

 and formerly one of the oldest Hudsons Bay 

 Company's fur trading posts in the district, is 

 now the centre of a good fru t farming country. 

 Gold-copper deposits in the mountains to the 

 north make it important from a mining point of 

 view. 



Above Keremeos Similkameen river cuts a 

 broad but steep-sided valley through the axis 

 of the Okanagan range, which is here built out 

 of Palaeozoic sediments and volcanics. A series 

 of talus slopes, remarkable for their great size 

 and length are developed on the north side of the 

 valley. 

 loi m. Ashnola — Alt. 1,420 ft. (432-2 m.). Seven 



162-5 km. miles (11-26 km.) above Keremeos Ashnola 

 river, a swift turbulent stream, draining the 

 high mountainous region about the International 

 Boundary line, enters from the south. The 



