149 



Miles and Rivers — The railway crosses the terraced 



Kilometres. r i t • i r^ i i 



valley oi the Little baskatchewan. 



121 m. Justice — ^Altitude 1,430 ft. (436 m.). The 



195 km. boulder clay is overlain by lake and delta silts 

 marking the western limits and high water 

 level of the glacial Lake Agassiz. At Ingelow 

 eight miles (12-8 km.) to the east the first 

 beach or evidence of shore line appears. 



54 m. Portage la Prairie — Altitude 850 ft. (259 m.) . 



87 km. The railway here traverses the bottom lands 

 of glacial Lake Agassiz and continues to Winni- 

 peg- 



o m. Winnipeg — 



o km. 



WINNIPEG TO COCHRANE VIA NATIONAL 

 TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILWAY. 



INTRODUCTION. 



BY 



W. H. Collins and M. E. Wilson. 



The distance from Winnipeg to Cochrane by way of the 

 National Transcontinental railway is 780 miles (1,255 km.) 

 The route lies over flat-lying Palaeozoic sediments of the 

 interior plains region for the first 50 miles (80 km.), and 

 then enters upon the Pie-Cambrian shield, which is con- 

 tinuous for the remainder of the distance. For 55 miles 

 (88 km.) east of Winnipeg, the Palaeozoic beds and their 

 junction with the Pre-Cambrian are completely concealed 

 by the alluvial deposits of glacial Lake Agassiz. Again 

 near Lake Nipigon the Pre-Cambrian bed rock is largely 

 hidden beneath stratified sand and clay laid down in a great 

 bay of the extinct glacial Lake Warren which formerly 

 occupied the present basin of Lake Nipigon. And in the 

 region l^dng between Kenogami river and Cochrane, the 

 Pre-Cambrian rock surface is almost completely buried 

 beneath the lacustrine clay of Lake Ojibw^ay. 



The rocks of this region may be separated into five 

 main groups, distinct from one another in age, lithological 

 character, and in their structural relationships as expressed 

 in the accompanying diagram. 



