1 8 7 



E?om!tr d es Rocky Mountain quartzite (Upper Carboni- 

 ferous). An overthrust fault-line scarp defines 

 the steep eastern face of this mountain; 

 the Devonian limestones are thrust over the 

 Cretaceous coal measures. This fault-line de- 

 fines the southwest side of Cascade valley. It 

 is exposed in the base of the Three Sisters, 

 and extends to the southeast along the eastern 

 face of the Livingstone range at the Crowsnest 

 Pass, and into Montana, where it is known as 

 the "Lewis thrust." It has not been possible 

 to measure the actual amount of displacement, 

 but there is a vertical throw of about three 

 miles (4-8 km.) in Cascade mountain. Mc- 

 Connell [2] has estimated that the front ranges 

 of the Rocky mountains have been thrust 

 about seven miles (11 -2 km.) over the plains 

 to the east, but it it not possible to measure 

 the horizontal displacement in the Cascade 

 Mountain thrust fault. 



A spur runs from Bankhead station to the 

 Bankhead coal mines, about two miles (3-2 km.) 

 to the northeast. These mines are owned and 

 operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway 

 Company. They are situated in the Kootenay 

 coal measures which are Lower Cretaceous in 

 age. The coal is bituminous and semi-anthra- 

 cite. The plant is well equipped with a large 

 breaker and a briquetting mill. 



Between the coal mines and Lake Minne- 

 wanka a section along Cascade river exposes 

 Cretaceous, Jurassic, Permian and Upper Car- 

 boniferous beds. This section has been studied 

 in detail by H. W. Shimer [3]. Fossils are 

 abundant, expecially in the Rocky Mountain 

 quartzite. For a portion of this distance the 

 driveway follows along the top of a morainal 

 ridge. In Pre-Pleistocene time Cascade river 

 drained out by Lake Minnewanka and Devil's 

 Gap to the plains, but in recent time it has cut 

 through the thick morainal detritus and has 

 joined Bow river four miles (6-4 km.) east of 

 Bankhead station. 



