Miles and 

 Kilometres. 



82 m. Banff — Alt. 4,521 ft. (1379 m )- This is the 



131 -2 km. gateway to the Rocky Mountain National 

 Park. This reservation covers 5,732 square 

 miles (14,330 sq. km.), and contains many 

 features of interest. Some of those to be 

 visited are the hot sulphur springs, sulphur 

 caves, Sulphur Mountain observation station, 

 and the buffalo paddock. Looking west from 

 the station are seen the snow-capped peaks 

 of the Bourgeau range, ten miles (16-1 km), 

 distant. The town lies west of Tunnel 

 mountain. On the north side of the valley 

 are Cascade mountain and a subsidiary 

 ridge, Stoney Squaw mountain, in which 

 is shown the eroded end of an asymmetrical 

 anticlinal fold. 



A few yards to the west of the station Bow 

 river turns sharply to the southeast, and 

 after passing the town and cascading over 

 a very picturesque fall, it is joined by the 

 Spray. At this point, close to the Banff Springs 

 hotel, the river is diverted at right angles 

 to the east and passes between Tunnel and 

 Rundle mountains. The valley of the Spray 

 river is floored with soft Permian and Jurassic 

 shales. The accompanying figure shows a 

 typical view of the Upper Banff shale (Permian), 

 exposed in Spray valley. This valley is defined 

 by a fault so that the beds in Sulphur mountain 

 repeat those exposed in Cascade and 

 Rundle mountains. The Fernie shales 

 (Jurassic) are characterized in certain layers 

 by the abundance of ammonites. 



On the east slope of Sulphur mountain 

 are situated the hot sulphur springs. The 

 upper one is 500 feet (152-5 m.) above the 

 town. The water comes from the orifice at a 

 temperature of 114-2 degrees Fahr. (45-6° C). 

 This sulphuretted water has a marked medicinal 

 effect, and many people visit Banff on this 

 account. A second or middle hot spring 

 is 200 feet (60 m.) lower down the slope, 

 and a mile and a half (2-4 km.) farther to the 



