1 89 



KUometres northwest. The spring is not so strong as 

 the upper one, and the temperature of the water 

 is about 90 F. (32 •2°C). A third or lower 

 spring is situated farther to the northwest 

 and about 50 feet (15 m.) above Bow river. 

 The water is at a lower temperature than either 

 of the upper two. Locally this spring is spoken 

 of as the "Cave and Basin", because the 

 spring rises into a cavern about 20 feet (6 m.) 

 in diameter. By means of an underground 

 channel it escapes to a natural basin formed in 

 the calcareous tufa deposited. A second cave 

 has been recently discovered a few yards farther 

 up the slope. The interiors of these caves are 

 coated with sulphur crystals. The Dominion 

 Park Commission is erecting a substantial 

 bath house at this spring for the accomo- 

 dation of the public. Other warm springs 

 are located in the bottom of Bow valley, about 

 the Vermilion lakes. All of these springs 

 are located in the Intermediate limestone 

 (Devonian). 



From the summit of Sulphur mountain can 

 be seen the general monoclinal structure of 

 this portion of the Rocky mountains. The 

 successive ranges from the Cascade valley 

 westwards represent westerly dipping fault 

 blocks, which have become tilted along the 

 east side. On the north side of Bow valley 

 the Cascade, Vermilion Lake and Sawback 

 ranges form distinct units, the same beds 

 being repeated in each of these ranges. 

 83 m. Leaving Banff station the railway follows 



132-8 km. along the broad swampy valley of the Bow, 

 on the right of which is a series of three small 

 lakes, called Vermilion lakes. The range to 

 the right is the Vermilion Lake range, in which 

 are exposed the westerly dipping Devonian, 

 Carboniferous, Permian and Jurassic beds. 

 85 m. This creek follows a fault line which divides 



136 km. the Vermilion Lake range from the Sawback 

 range. This depression leads to Edith pass, 

 beyond which can be seen Mt. Edith, which 

 is made up of vertically dipping Lower Banff 



