265 

 ANNOTATED GUIDE. 



(Lytton to Agassiz). 



Miles and 



(From Lytton.) Lytton — Alt. 687 ft. (209. 3m.). The Thomp- 

 o m. son river empties into the Fraser at the town of 



O km. Lytton, and from this point westward to the 

 Pacific coast the railway follows the course of 

 the Fraser river, which for about 80 miles 

 (129 km.) cuts a deep canyon-like valley 

 through the mountains bordering the coast, 

 and afterwards flows for 70 miles (112 km.) 

 through a delta of its own construction to the 

 sea. In the neighbourhood of Lytton a series 

 of well developed river terraces can be seen 

 in the lower part of the valley. These terraces 

 mark successive stages in the deepening of the 

 valley since the deposition of drift material in 

 the closing stages of the Glacial period. 



For eight miles (12 -8 km.) below Lytton the 

 rocks in the immediate neighbourhood of the rail- 

 way are of Lower Cretaceous age striking 

 nearly parallel to the river and dipping at low 

 angles. To the west these rocks are in contact 

 with granitic rocks against which they are down 

 faulted. The attitude and structure of the 

 Cretaceous rocks is well shown at the bridge 

 near Cisco, where the railway crosses to the 

 west side of the river. There also a tunnel cuts 

 through the fossiliferous black shale of this 

 series. 



8m. Kanaka — Alt. 623 ft. (189.8 m.). At 



12-8 km. Kanaka a belt of Palaeozoic rocks appears to the 

 west of the river and for a few miles southward 

 the river follows the line of contact between 

 these rocks and the Lower Cretaceous. About 

 three miles (3-2 km.) below Kanaka, Jackass 

 Mountain, which is made up of massive con- 

 glomerates overlying black shale, rises as a long 

 steep bluff from the water edge. In the course 

 of building a line along the face of the bluff 

 the Canadian Northern railway company has 

 been seriously handicapped by rock slides 

 35069— 11 1a 



