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GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE REGION. 



The district about Kingston occupies a unique posi- 

 tion mineralogically in that it affords a great variety and 

 abundance of well developed minerals, many of which are 

 present in such amounts as to be of economic value. A 

 partial list of these follows: — 



Actinolite, 



Amphibole, 



Anhydrite, 



Anorthite, 



Anthraxolite, 



Apatite, 



Arsenopyrite, 



Barite, 



Beryl, 



Biotite, 



Bog iron, 



Bytownite, 



Calcite, 



Celestite, 



Chalcopyrite, 



Corundum, 



Dolomite, 



Fluorite, 



Galena, 



Garnet, 



Gold, 



Graphite, 



Hematite, 



Ilmenite, 



Labradorite, 



Milky quartz, 



Molybdenite, 



Muscovite, 



Nepheline, 



Plagioclase, 



Pyrite, 



Pyroxene, 



Pyrrhotite, 



Rutile, 



Scapolite, 



Sphene, 



Talc, 



Uralite 



Wilsonite, 



Zinc-blende, 



Zircon, 



More than half of these minerals have been mined in 

 this area so that they are not mere accessories requiring 

 microscopic detection. 



This area is particularly interesting, also, in showing 

 the contact of the Paleozoic sediments with the Pre-Cam- 

 brian floor. The former lie unconformably upon the latter, 

 and at several places the actual contact is excellently 

 shown. Here the ancient Pre-Cambrian water-worn boul- 

 ders are cemented into a basal conglomerate of the 

 lower Paleozoic sediments ; such exposures give an excellent 

 demonstration of the character of Pre-Cambrian topo- 

 graphy, and show clearly that the great "Laurentian Pene- 

 plain" was developed in Pre-Cambrian times, — an eloquent 

 evidence of the enormous time which elapsed between the 



