138 



Miles and Here the limestone is so thin that the exact 

 Kilometres. character of the old Pre-Cambrian floor, before 

 the Ordovician sediments were laid on it, can 

 be determined with certainty. This is one 

 of the most instructive occurrences geologi- 

 cally to be seen anywhere. 



Returning from this exposure towards 



Kingston some interesting weather- 



18 m. Kingston, ed surfaces of limestone may be 



28-8 km. seen. This weathering has all 



taken place since the Pleistocene glaciation, 



and being so new, gives an excellent example 



of the progress of attack on a limestone 



surface. 



HISTORICAL NOTE. 



A few items of history, for which this particular 

 ground is noted, might prove of interest. Fort Henry, 

 which crowns the hill had its origin in the war of 1812. 

 At that time these heights, and all the district eastward 

 along the St. Lawrence river were covered with dense forest. 

 To prevent surprise by landing parties, this forest was 

 cut down, and a strong earthwork erected on the point. 

 Within this, heavy guns were so mounted that they com- 

 manded the approach to the harbour, as well as to the 

 mouth of the small bay immediately west of the present 

 Fort; for on this ground were the ship-yards, which mark 

 the site of the first naval yards established in this country, 

 over a century ago. While the war was going on, this 

 fortification, and the batteries situated on Point Frederick 

 commanding the ship-yards, saved the town from 

 molestations by the American fleet, whose head-quarters 

 were less than 50 miles (80 -4 km.) away. The present 

 Fort, and the Martello towers, with their pivot guns, 

 were built between 1840 and 1846. 



The long wooden bridge, which now connects Barrie- 

 field with Kingston, has been in use for over 80 years. 

 At the east end is the entrance to the Royal Military 

 College, which occupies the site of the old naval yards. 

 At the west end was the old trading post, the first one built 

 in Canada west of Montreal. The present military bar- 

 racks occupies the site of this old post. A short distance 

 southward the City Hall is passed. This hall was built 



