19 



miles west of Upper Kent station, rise several hundred 

 feet above the peneplain. 



Records of the Glacial period, as yet not extensively 

 studied in this district, indicate that the continental ice 

 passed southward and southeastward across it — whether 

 from a centre north of the St. Lawrence or from a local 

 centre on the Appalachian highland of southeastern 

 Quebec cannot now be stated. During the closing stages 

 of glaciation, the larger valleys, notably that of the St. 

 John river, were heavily aggraded with outwash deposits, 

 which ceased to accumulate as soon as the ice sheet had 

 withdrawn from their basins, and have since been deeply 

 re-excavated by the rivers which occupy them. In this 

 work of intrenchment, the rivers have swung too and 

 fro within limits set by the bed rock slopes on either hand, 

 repeatedly striking ledges, from which they have retired, 

 leaving step-like nights of terraces. 



The Central Highland of New Brunswick. — Just east 

 of the district last described, and occupying a large 

 area in the north central part of New Brunswick, is a 

 vast rough wilderness known as the Central highland. 

 Its greater relief is due to the superior strength of the 

 granites and gneisses which appear extensively on its 

 surface. There is a rough accordance of plateau-like 

 remnants at 1,700 feet (515 m.), which are overlooked 

 by summits of rather subdued form that rise as high as 

 2,500 feet (760 m.). The hills and ridges trend northeast- 

 southwest, following the trend of rock structure. Around 

 the border of this highland is a belt of foot hills and ridges 

 of moderate relief, developed on hard sandstones and 

 slates. Apparently the highland is an imperfectly reduced 

 portion of the great Cretaceous peneplain of New England, 

 which, like the higher parts of the White mountains of 

 New Hampshire and Mt. Ktaadn in Maine, retain subdued 

 mountain form. 



Lowlands of eastern New Brunswick and northwestern 

 Nova Scotia. — The Carboniferous lowland of eastern New 

 Brunswick in its structure and history, is simply an exten- 

 sion of the Cumberland lowland of Nova Scotia. Its area, 

 however, is very much greater than that of the other, 

 and its relief, in the more remote interior is stronger. 

 Between Newcastle and Bathurst the highest point reached 

 by the railway is Bartibog station, 520 feet (158-5 m.). 

 In this district the valleys are deep and narrow, with banks 

 35063— 2\ 



