85 



Ki'i^meu-es deep valleys joining the main valley at grade. 

 The Matapedia valley also enters the wider, 

 Restigouche valley at grade. The wide and 

 deep Restigouche valley is the inland con- 

 tinuation of the broad valley of Chaleur bay. 



120-9.n1 Matapedia Junction — Alt. 53 ft. (16-2 m.). 



194-6 km. 



DALHOUSIE AND THE GASPE PENINSULA* 



(John M. Clarke.) 

 INTRODUCTION. 



The general region dealt with in the following account 

 embraces the head of the Bay Chaleur region and the 

 great peninsula of Gaspe. The Bay Chaleur is an east- 

 west arm of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, about 100 miles (160 

 km.) in length, and constitutes the marine boundary 

 between the provinces of New Brunswick on the south 

 and Quebec on the north. It was discovered and named 

 by Jacques Cartier in 1534. The chief affluent of the bay 

 is the Restigouche river, in its lower reaches a continuation 

 of the boundary line between the provinces and also the site 

 of large private salmon-fishing preserves. The mouth 

 of the Restigouche river and the head of the bay are con- 

 ventionally located at Dalhousie, N. B., on the south and 

 Maguasha Point, P.Q., on the north, and here the width 

 of the bay is about 3 miles (5-4 km.). Campbellton lies 

 on the Restigouche river, 15 miles (27 km.) above Dal- 

 housie. Here the river has narrowed to about f miles 

 (1-3 km.). Opposite Campbellton on the north (Quebec) 

 shore is the Reservation and Mission of the Micmac Indians 

 at Restigouche. 



The Devonian beds and their volcanic intrusives about 

 Dalhousie were early discussed by Hind, Bailey and J. W. 

 Dawson, and the official geological maps of the region were 

 compiled by Ells, by whom also the geological relations of 

 these rocks were discussed at some length . The first identifi- 

 cation of the fossils was by Billings ; subsequently the fossil 

 corals were carefully studied by Lambe and more recently 

 the entire marine Devonian fauna and stratigraphy has 



*See Maps — Head of Chaleur Bay, and, Eastern Part of Gaspe. 



