92 



In Mt. Ste. Anne, Perce, they stand at 1,200 feet (370 m.) 

 and in the Carleton mountains at Carleton, Bay Chaleur, 

 at nearly the same height. They contain no contemporary 

 animal remains so far as known, but plant remains, as yet 

 undetermined, and even thin coal layers, have been found 

 in the fine sandstones of Cannes-des-Roches on Mai bay. 



PALEOGEOGRAPHY. 



The ancient geography of this region has already been 

 intimated. In Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian stages 

 the sea way or channel, bounded by the old land at the 

 north and south, was broad and uncomplicated, forming 

 an open passage from the north transatlantic strand into 

 the waters of the Appalachian interior. During Silurian 

 time especially, this passage following the Appalachian 

 synclinal was nearly as broad as the Gaspe peninsula and we 

 have as yet no evidence that it was greatly obstructed. 

 So far as known its faunas, as well as those of the Ordovician 

 bear a decided Atlantic (transatlantic) aspect. The up- 

 folding of these strata constructed new and narrow chan- 

 nels at the opening of the Devonian, but these were clear 

 and the faunal correspondence between them and con- 

 temporary deposits of the interior is very close. 



Regarding these Devonian channels it may be said: — 



(1) There was a definite and open passage from Gaspe 

 into New York and the southern Appalachians during the 

 period of the earliest Devonian (Helderbergian) when a 

 well defined element of the Helderberg fauna flourished 

 in the St. Alban beds. 



(2) A similar open way existed at approximately or 

 actually the same time, connecting the Dalhousie beds 

 of northern New Brunswick with the Helderbergian of the 

 interior. 



(3) These two passages seem to have converged and 

 united toward the west and south, for while each carries 

 a clear predominance of Helderberg species the two have 

 comparatively little in common. 



