104 



GASPE. 



The terminus of the railway is at York on the south side 

 of Gaspe Basin, passing an instructive cut through the 

 Gaspe sandstones (Middle Devonian). These are however 

 not the lower beds with marine fossils, but the plant-bearing 

 strata which at this point probably lie above the marine 

 beds. Crossing by ferry to the Gaspe side, the Gaspe 

 sandstones may be seen near the landing dipping at a steep 

 angle to the north. Gaspe bay lies in a synclinal of the 

 sandstones, that is, in an ancient Appalachian trough the 

 other arm of which constitutes the hill slopes on the north 

 side of the bay where the dip is to the south. The marine 

 fossils occur for the most part in strata behind the Gaspe 

 mountain and up the Dartmouth river (at the north), 

 distances of 3 to 4 miles from Gaspe Basin. The fossils are 

 Middle Devonian species of the interior or New York sea 

 commingled with more or less local Lower Devonian types 

 which have survived from the period of the Grand Greve 

 fauna. 



GRAND GREVE AND THE FORILLON.* 



Grande Greve, 14 miles (22-5 km.) distant by water 

 from Gaspe, is a little fishing settlement on the peninsula 

 of the Forillon. This Forillon peninsula bounds the north 

 side of Gaspe bay and lies between that bay and the St. 

 Lawrence river. At its upper end and near the head of the 

 bay it has a width of 20 (32 km.) or more miles, but at 

 Grande Greve and thence to the Cape, a distance of 4 miles 

 (6-4 km.), its width does not exceed \ mile (o-8 km.). 

 As elsewhere observed, this part of the Forillon is a single 

 Appalachian ridge sliced vertically in half along its axis, 

 its end at Cape Gaspe making the easternmost seaward 

 face of the Appalachian system. From Grande Greve 

 westward the ridges are multiplied in number by the 

 accession of the slate cliffs at the north, but from Grande 

 Greve east the half ridge alone remains, though furrowed 

 on its surface by a coulee which gives the cape a double 

 head; the northern, Cape Gaspe; the southern, Shiphead. 



Only the south flank of this ridge remains and the dip 

 of the strata — almost coincident with that of the hills — 

 is toward the south, while their cut-off edges form the 

 high cliffs which face the St. Lawrence river. 



*See Map. — The Forillon, Gaspe. 



