Ill 



river named to Black cape itself displaying an unduplicated 

 thickness of fully 7,000 feet, (2,130 m.) of strata. 



In this Silurian section the strata are nearly all calcareous 

 with intercalations of red shale near the top. They stand 

 at high angles to the horizon, usually dipping 60-80 S.E., 

 but these dips vary somewhat though without uncomform- 

 ities. The eroded edges of the strata are overlain elsewhere 

 in the region by the red sands and conglomerates of the 

 Bonaventure formation, and there are several considerable 

 fissures in the Silurian limestones of this section which are 

 filled in with red sand derived from the overlying beds. 

 All these occurrences indicate land exposure of the Silurians 

 during all the early and middle Devonian time. 



The base of the section at the west begins with greenish, 

 highly nodular lime shales, very compact and heavy 

 bedded, weathering out into irregular and gnarled shapes. 

 These alternate with more highly calcareous shales and 

 compact limestones of red and ochreous tints. These 

 compact limestones contain Stricklandinias of great size (5. 

 gaspensis, Billings) and in great number and with these 

 are Spirifers of the S. radiatus-niagarensis type and 

 occasional Whitfieldellas. Throughout the lower beds 

 the rest of the fauna is largely of Stromatoporoids and 

 corals which occur in enormous quantity and great diver- 

 sity. There are Halysites of several species, having 

 horizontal values, Favosites and Alveolites of great size, 

 Heliolites, Syringopora, Eridophyllum in extensive colonies, 

 Zaphrentis and other cyathophylloids in considerable 

 variety. Additional species in these lower beds are 

 Calymmene, Chonetes, Airy pa reticularis (Silurian type), 

 Tentaculites, cyclostomatous gastropods, etc. 



At an elevation in the series of about 1,500 feet (450 m.), 

 where the scraggy limestones continue, there is some 

 indication of change in the fauna by the addition of 

 brachiopods of the genus Camarotoeehia, Rafinesquina, 

 the cephalopods Orthoceras, Trochoceras, etc. From 

 Howatson's (elevation in section 1500 feet) eastward, the 

 scraggy limestones continue as far as the breakwater. 

 Then follows (at 6,500 feet or 1,980 m.) a heavy mass of 

 sandy shale. This sedimentation continues sandy to near 

 the end of the section which terminates at the volcanic 

 mass forming Black cape, but toward the top the sands 

 become interlaminated with thin beds of volcanic ash, 

 with red and purplish shale and eventually calcareous and 



