165 



readily than the quartzites. The pitching anticline of a 

 dome of quartzite surrounded by slate also in many places 

 divides into several crumples where it comes to the slate. 



The main folds are on an average about 3 miles (4.8 km.) 

 apart, and the domes along the different anticlines are 

 from 10 to 20 miles (16 to 32 km.) apart. While the limbs 

 of the anticlines dip generally at high angles and are fre- 

 quently overturned, the pitch to the east or west is seldom 

 more than 30 . At Oldham the south limb dips 70 and 

 the north one 6o°, while the pitch is west 25 and east 40 . 

 The pitch varies greatly within short distances. At Waver- 

 ley the pitch increases from 5 to 24 within 500 feet 

 (150 m.); at Oldham it increases from 30 at the surface 

 to 40 at a vertical depth of 900 feet (270 m.). 



The Goldbearing series has suffered a great deal of fault- 

 ing and the fractures may be grouped into two classes, 

 namely, cross-country faults and local faults. 



The local faults are those that are found in the separate 

 gold districts only and do not continue for great distance 

 along the strike nor in depth. They are closely related 

 in origin with the doming of the anticline and are frequently 

 found to radiate from the centre of the dome, as in the 

 eastern part of Oldham. 



The cross-country faults are those that can be traced 

 several miles across successive folds. They form a series 

 of breaks approximately parallel and have a northwest and 

 southeast direction. Nearly all those in the eastern half 

 of the field are known as left-hand faults, that is the hori- 

 zontal displacement is to the left of one facing the fault 

 from either side. Those in Kings county, on the contrary, 

 are right-hand faults. The faults in many cases have deter- 

 mined the remarkably straight courses of some of the river 

 and brooks, and the alignment of swales and numerous 

 cold water springs. The most important faults are found 

 in the eastern end of the field. Some have been traced the 

 whole width of the series and their horizontal displacement 

 along the strike varies from a mile and a half to a fraction 

 of a mile. The numerous faults of Kings county have a 

 horizontal displacement varying from a few feet up to 

 900 feet (275 m.). 



In addition to the folding and faulting produced in the 

 rocks, other phenomena such as brecciation, cleavage, joint- 

 ing and Assuring have resulted from the forces to which they 

 were subjected. It seems probable that the innumerable 



