130 



That the latter part of this history is a general one 

 is shown by the following table for Grand Pacific glacier. 

 Most of the other ice tongues in Glacier bay have had a 

 similar history of recent recession. 



Year. 



Movement. 



Amount. 



1879 to 1892. Retreat. 



1892 to 1894 

 1 894 to 1 899 



Retreat. 

 Retreat. 



21,120 ft. 



(6,420 m.) 

 2,500 ft. 



(760 m.) 

 6,600 ft. 



Rate 

 per year. 



1 ,056 ft. 



(321 m.) 

 1,250 ft. 



(380 m.) 

 1,320 ft. 



(2,000 m)i (400 m.) 



Based on 

 observations by 



Muir, Reid. 

 Boundary Survey. 

 Gilbert. 



Earthquake. 



1899 to 1906. 



1906 to 1907. 



1907 to Sept. 

 2, 1911. 



1907 to June 



1, 1912. 

 June 1 to Aug 



1, 1912. 



Retreat. 

 Retreat. 

 Retreat. 



Retreat. 

 Retreat. 



30,360 ft. 



(9,230 m) 

 2,640 ft. 



(800 m.) 

 500-1,000 + 

 ft. (150- 

 300 m.+) 

 10,725 ft. 



(3,260 m.) 

 6,500 ft. 

 (1,900 m.) 



4-337 ft. 



(1,318 m) 

 2,640 ft. 



(802 m.) 



Oven 7,00ft 

 (5,100 m) 



F. E. & C. W.Wright 

 Morse, Klotz. 

 Tarr and Martin. 



Ogilvie. 

 Ogilvie. 



Earthquake Relationships. 



It will be noted in these tables that since the 1899 

 earthquake Muir glacier has retreated seven times as fast, 

 and that the Grand Pacific glacier has receded more than 

 three times as fast as during the previous years. 



The earthquakes of September, 1899, were very 

 severe in Glacier bay [76], and there was a tremendous 

 increase in icebergs immediately following the shocks, and 

 for the next ten years. Andrews [1], Gilbert [31], Klotz 

 [38], Morse [60] and others have ascribed the rapid re- 

 cession of the glaciers to these earthquakes. F. E. and 

 C. W. Wright [95] have not correlated this acceleration 

 with the earthquake effects in September, 1899, but believe 



