135 



to elevations of 10,000 to 16,000 feet (3,000 to 4,800 m.) ; 

 but along the immediate shores of the fiord the mountains, 

 though abrupt, rise only from 2,000 to 6,000 feet (600 to 

 1,800 m.). Russell fiord, which extends back toward the 

 Pacific roughly parallel to Disenchantment and Yakutat 

 bays, is divisible into three sections: — (1) a northwest 

 arm, with straight mountainous shores; (2) a longer 

 south arm, with a much more irregular mountainous 

 shore line, and (3) the head of the bay, an expanded 

 extension of the inlet where it passes beyond the mountain 

 front out into the foreland. A small bay, Seal bay, up 

 whose valley lies Hidden glacier, forms the greatest 

 irregularity in the coast line of the south arm; but at the 

 angle between the south and northwest arms a large fiord 

 known as Nunatak fiord, extends eastward. The tidal 

 Nunatak glacier forms its head. 



The entire inlet — Yakutat bay, Disenchantment bay, 

 and Russell fiord — has the general shape of a bent arm, 

 with the shoulder at the Pacific, the elbow at the head of 

 Disenchantment bay, and the fist at the expanded head of 

 the bay, which lies within 13 or 14 miles (20 to 22 km.) of 

 the ocean. The distance by boat from the ocean around 

 to the head of Russell fiord is 70 miles (112 km.). 



Everywhere are indications that the inlet is deep. 

 Soundings by the United States Coast Survey in outer 

 Yakutat bay show an irregular bottom deepening toward 

 Disenchantment bay. At the mouth of the latter, near 

 Point Latouche, there is a depth of 167 fathoms or 1,002 

 feet (304 m.) ; and Russell reports 40 to 60 fathoms 

 (70 to 109 m.) between Haenke island and Hubbard 

 glacier. Soundings made by the author in 1910 show that 

 Disenchantment bay and Russell fiord are uniformly 

 deep, attaining maxima of 939 and 1,119 Ieet (285 and 

 340 m.) respectively. 



General Geology. [65, 66, 72.] 



The northeastern shore of Russell fiord, from Hubbard 

 glacier to Nunatak fiord, is bordered by highly-inclined 

 slates of Paleozoic or Pre-Cambrian age. Excursions 

 into the mountains along this shore reveal a variety of 

 crystalline rocks, both igneous and metamorphic, and the 

 glaciers bring down only rock of these classes. It is there- 

 fore inferred that the rocks in the mountains beyond the 



