H3 



mountain valleys and spread out in piedmont bulbs. The 

 largest and westernmost of these, the Lucia, is now separ- 

 ated from Malaspina glacier, of which it was undoubtedly 

 a former tributary, only by the gravels of the valley train 

 and delta of Kwik river. Immediately east of the Lucia, 

 and coalescing with it, is the piedmont bulb of Atrevida 

 glacier. Both of these bulb glaciers are covered with abla- 

 tion moraine, and on their outer, stagnant termini, support 

 a forest of alder, cottonwood and spruce. Atrevida glacier 

 changed from stagnant to active condition between Sep- 

 tember 1905 and June 1906, and Lucia glacier in 1909. 

 Galiano glacier, the smallest of these three, changed from 

 stagnation to activity between 1890 and 1905, probably 

 after 1895 and almost surely after 1899. Its piedmont 

 bulb extends practically to the shores of Yakutat bay from 

 which it is separated only by a gravel beach. Two or three 

 miles (3 to 5 km.) to the east of the Galiano glacier is the 

 still smaller black glacier, which has no piedmont bulb, and 

 is especially interesting because, though so near the Galiano, 

 it gives no evidence of having undergone notable change in 

 condition for the last quarter century. 



On the west side of Disenchantment bay is the larger 

 Turner glacier, a tidal glacier with an ice cliff 2\ miles 

 (4 km.) in length, which, though changed slightly each 

 time it has been observed, shows no such pronounced 

 variation in condition as those just mentioned. Just 

 north of it, however, is a smaller ice tongue, called Haenke 

 glacier, which, like the Atrevida, was absolutely trans- 

 formed between 1905 and 1906. It became broken, 

 advanced nearly a mile, and assumed tidal conditions in 

 ten months. Just north of this is another unnamed 

 glacier, which had a similar period of crevassing and ad- 

 vance in 1 90 1. 



Next is the Hubbard glacier, the largest tidal glacier in 

 the region, which is fed by two large tributaries from some 

 unknown source far back among the mountains and has 

 a tidal front 5I to 6 miles (8 to 10 km.) in length. It 

 presents many interesting features, and in 1909 had a 

 slight advance. Variegated glacier, whose piedmont ice 

 bulb coalesces with the southeastern side of the Hubbard, 

 presents the interesting condition of a piedmont bulb in 

 a valley instead of at the base of the mountain front. It 

 rivals Atrevida and Lucia glaciers in its ablation moraine, 

 though it lacks forest growth on the larger part of it; and 

 equals Atrevida glacier in the extent of its transformation 



